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高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題策略與技巧

　　通過(guò)詳細(xì)分析歷年高考英語(yǔ)試卷，我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以下幾種題型：主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題(含寫(xiě)作意圖、目的等)，詞義猜測(cè)題。英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學(xué)生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。下文是小編整理的高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題策略與技巧，歡迎閱讀參考!

高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題策略與技巧

　　一、主旨大意題

　　這類題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。

　　1.歸納標(biāo)題題

　　特點(diǎn)：短小精悍，一般多為一個(gè)短語(yǔ);涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語(yǔ)意程度或色彩。常見(jiàn)命題形式有：

　　What’s the best title for the text?

　　The best title for this passage is ___.

　　Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　真題范例

　　Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?

　　The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (災(zāi)禍).

　　People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反應(yīng)) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.

　　Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.

　　Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.

　　The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.

　　63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?

　　A. Colors and Human Beings

　　B. The Cultural Meaning of Color

　　C. Colors and Personal Experiences

　　D. The Meaning and Function of Color

　　答案：D

　　2. 概括大意題

　　包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea)，常見(jiàn)命題形式有：

　　What is the general/main idea of the passage? Which of the following expresses the main idea? What is the subject discussed in the text?

　　BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What’s the article mainly about ?

　　★范例 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

　　Q: What is the main idea of the passage? __

　　A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

　　B. Bingham is a diligent student.

　　C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

　　D. A good lawyer needs good education.

　　答案：C

　　解題思路:此文沒(méi)有主題句。全篇共四句，只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看，個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒(méi)有言明的主題思想。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況，即作者想告訴我們的是：Joshua Bingham接受過(guò)良好的教育，所以答案是 C。

　　解題技巧

　　閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說(shuō)明文，這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為：提出問(wèn)題——論述問(wèn)題——得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾。主題句具有簡(jiǎn)潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況。

　　位于段首：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫(xiě)的文章，主題句往往在文章的開(kāi)頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首句與第二，三句的關(guān)系;如果從第二句就開(kāi)始對(duì)第一句進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。有些段落，在主題句后面有明顯引出細(xì)節(jié)的信號(hào)詞，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應(yīng)盡量利用上述信號(hào)詞來(lái)確定主題句的位置。

　　位于段尾：有些文章會(huì)在開(kāi)頭列舉事實(shí), 然后通過(guò)論證闡述作者的核心論點(diǎn)。因此，如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話，最好快速讀一讀段落的最后一個(gè)句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特征。如果它具備主題句的特征，段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，當(dāng)一種觀點(diǎn)不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時(shí)，主題句便會(huì)到段落的末尾才出現(xiàn)。學(xué)生可以充分利用引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞。如so，therefore，thus，consequently;in conclusion，in short;in a word, to sum up等來(lái)確定主題句的位置在段尾。當(dāng)無(wú)明顯的此類信號(hào)時(shí)，學(xué)生可在段落的最后一句話前面添加一個(gè)引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞，以確定其是否是主題句。

　　位于段中：有時(shí)段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開(kāi)對(duì)有關(guān)問(wèn)題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會(huì)在段落中間出現(xiàn)。歸納起來(lái)主要有兩種情況：先提出問(wèn)題，然后給予回答(主題句)，最后給予解釋;或者，先提出問(wèn)題，然后點(diǎn)出主題思想(主題句)，最后給予解釋。

　　首尾呼應(yīng)：主題句在段落的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾兩個(gè)位置上先后出現(xiàn)，形成前呼后應(yīng)的格局。這兩個(gè)主題句敘說(shuō)的是同一個(gè)內(nèi)容，但用詞不盡相同，這樣不但強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題思想，而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個(gè)句子并非簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，后一個(gè)主題句或?qū)υ撝黝}作最后的評(píng)述，或?qū)σc(diǎn)作一概括，或使之引申留給讀者去思考。

　　無(wú)明確主題句：找關(guān)鍵詞(出現(xiàn)頻率較高), 歸納總結(jié)。

　　二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題

　　考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據(jù)文章提供的信息自己組織語(yǔ)句回答問(wèn)題。

　　1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題→尋讀法

　　分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問(wèn)，或判斷正誤;后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換，表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見(jiàn)命題形式有：

　　What can we learn from the passage?

　　All the following are mentioned except

　　Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?

　　Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?

　　★真題范例 (2012江西卷) ……… Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. ………

　　56.Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?

　　A.He wanted to take a voyage.

　　B.He wanted to practice his skill

　　C.He was so much attracted by it.

　　D.He was eager to do an experiment.

　　答案：C

　　2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法(找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，用排除法縮小范圍)

　　常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說(shuō)明文中，一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。常見(jiàn)命題形式有：

　　Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?

　　★真題范例 (2011山東卷) Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. ……. The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. ……..

　　73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?

　　A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair

　　B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair

　　C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair

　　D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair

　　答案：C

　　3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索

　　設(shè)題形式：給出圖表，根據(jù)圖表提問(wèn)問(wèn)題。

　　4. 數(shù)字計(jì)算題→(方法：審題→帶著問(wèn)題找細(xì)節(jié)→對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算)

　　可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，但需經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算方可找到答案。

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