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2016年職稱英語(yǔ)資格考試衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)模擬試題及答案
A Phone That Knows You're Busy
It's a modem problem: you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant (連續(xù)不斷的) phone calls so you turn your cell phone off.But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy. You could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you, you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy.
A bunch of behavior sensors (傳感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.
James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted.
The potential "busyness" signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.
The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from "highly interruptible" to "highly not-interruptible". Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is a shotgun (隨意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important, " says Hudson.
The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be. Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted.The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers don't care.
The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. "There is no technological roadblock (障礙) to it being deployed in a couple of years, " says Hudson.
問(wèn)題
A big problem facing people today is that________.
A.they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.
B.they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.
C.they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cell phone.
D.they are too busy to make phone calls.
37、 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone________.
A.could help store messages
B.could send messages instantly
C.could tell when it is wise to interrupt you
D.could identify important phone calls
38、 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out________.
A.why office doors were often left open
B.when it was a good time to turn off the computer
C.what questions office workers were bothered with
D.which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy
39、 During the experiment, the subjects were asked________.
A.to control the sensors and the camera
B.to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted
C.to compare their behaviors with others'
D.to analyze all the indicators of interruption
40、 The computer performed better than people in the study because________.
A.the computer worked harder
B.the computer was not busy
C.people tended to be biased
D.people were not good at statistics
41、根據(jù)下列材料，回答41-55題
Effects of Environmental Pollution
If pollution continues to increase at the present rate, formation of aerosols (浮質(zhì)) in the atmosphere will cause the onset (開(kāi)始) of an ice age in about fifty years' time. This conclusion, reached by Dr. S.I. Rasool and Dr. S.H. Schneider of the United States Goddard Space Flight Centre, answers the apparently conflicting questions of whether an increase in the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth to warm up or increasing the aerosol content will cause it to cool down. The Americans have shown conclusively that the aerosol question is dominant.
Two specters haunting conservationists have been the prospect that environmental pollution might lead to the planet's becoming unbearably hot or cold.One of these ghosts has now been laid.Because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2 ℃, which would take place over several thousand years. But the other problem now looms larger than ever.
Aerosols are collections of small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air or some other medium. The particles are all so tiny that each is composed of only a few hundred atoms. Because of this they can float in the air for a very long time. Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol is industrial smog (煙霧) of the kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los Angeles today. These collections of aerosols reflect the Sun's heat and thereby cause the Earth to cool.
Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider have calculated the exact effect of a dust aerosol layer just above the Earth's surface in the temperature of the planet. As the layer builds up, the present delicate balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount radiated from the Earth is disturbed.The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the Sun's light but also transmits the infrared (紅外線的 ) radiation from below. So, while the heat input to the surface drops, the loss of heat remains high until the planet cools to a new balanced state.
Within fifty years, if no steps are taken to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, a cooling of the Earth by as much as 3.5~C seems inevitable.If that lasts for only a few years it would start another ice age, and because the growing ice caps at each pole would themselves reflect much of the Sun's radiation it would probably continue to develop even if the aerosol layer were destroyed.
The only bright spot in this gloomy forecast lies in the hope expressed by Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider that nuclear power may replace fossil fuels in time to prevent the aerosol content of the atmosphere from becoming critical.
問(wèn)題
The author's main purpose in writing the article is to warn of________.
A.warm weather
B.hot weather
C.a new ice age
D.a new iceberg
42、 The word "specters" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to________.
A.pollution.
B.carbon dioxide
C.aerosols
D.ghosts
43、 We learn from the third paragraph that________.
A.London was plagued with rats in the 1950s
B.London is covered with smog today
C.London was polluted by smog in the 1950s
D.Los Angeles is as heavily polluted today as London was in the 1950s
44、 What will happen if the dust aerosol layer develops?
A.The Earth will get extremely hot.
B.The balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount lost could hardly be maintained.
C.The light of the Sun could no longer reach the surface of the Earth.
D.Infrared radiation could no longer be transmitted from the Earth to outer space.
45、 The only way to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, according to
Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider, is to use________.
A.fossil fuels
B.electric power
C.nuclear energy
D.coal power
補(bǔ)全短文
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination (協(xié)調(diào)) between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. 46 Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab (駕駛室), but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot (行李箱), you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: a built-in computer. 47 The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. 48 However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it drive at any time and in any place? 49 With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. 50 This being the case, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.
問(wèn)題
A.Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B.In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C.This is the brain of the car.
D.But how does an intelligent car control itself ?
E.It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F.However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.
完形填空
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study 51 out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study 52 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyses the 53 of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link 54 good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for 55 thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a 56 in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. " Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 57 and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen," says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular 58 We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. "
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been 59 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that 60 the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who 61 their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case, physical education is a 62 that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must 63 we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects. "
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service 64 the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more 65 to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
問(wèn)題
A.put
B.carried
C.cut
D.taken
52、
A.kept
B.involved
C.found
D.helped
53、
A.answers
B.questions
C.standards
D.results
54、
A.among
B.behind
C.between
D.inside
55、
A.imaginary
B.typical
C.positive
D.logical
56、
A.game
B.place
C.role
D.trick
57、
A.shape
B.capacity
C.disease
D.treatment
58、
A.exercise
B.training
C.movement
D.strength
59、
A.able
B.clever
C.clear
D.lucky
60、
A.expect
B.explain
C.connect
D.classify
61、
A.improve
B.prefer
C.ignore
D.determine
62、
A.rule
B.test
C.subject
D.score
63
A.if
B.until
C.though
D.so
64、
A.with
B.from
C.of
D.at
65、
A.likable
B.unlike
C.likely
D.alike
【參考答案】：
1-15 ABACD DCBAB ACCDB
16-22 CBBAC CA
23-30 DAEBC FDB
31-45 ACDBC ACDBC CDCCC
46-50 DCEAF
51-65 BBDCD CBDAB ACAAC
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