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2017職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合B》概括大意練習(xí)題及答案
概括大意題
partA
Intelligent Machines
(1) Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson's disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world's best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
(2) Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual (虛擬的) hostess of Kurzweil's homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
(3) Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world," he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探測(cè)器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.
(4) Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
(5) But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won't be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our mind will be able to live forever.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4__________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. A new pair of ears
B. Computers that can communicate
C. Everlasting consciousness on a computer
D. Time to break off a friendship
E. An author and researcher
F. A new pair of eyes
27——30完成句子
27. Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people __________.
28. Ramona is able to understand__________.
29. Blind people will be able to see the world with__________.
30. People without hearing problems may also be interested in using __________.
A. what you say
B. a pair of sunglasses
C. the listening machine
D. a visual sensor
E. who have disabilities
F. living forever in a computer
參考答案
23.B。文章第二段所舉的例子說(shuō)“她被設(shè)置為可以理解你所說(shuō)的話。網(wǎng)站的訪問(wèn)者可以和她談話，Ramona也跳舞唱歌”。因此B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)能夠交流”概括了本段大意。
24.F。文章第三段主要闡述的是視覺(jué)機(jī)器，如“這機(jī)器像一個(gè)朋友一樣，能夠描述在有形世界里正在發(fā)生的事情……該傳感器將向佩戴者描述它看到的一切”。因此F項(xiàng)“一雙新眼睛”概括了本段大意。
25.A。文章第四段主要闡述的是聽(tīng)覺(jué)機(jī)器，因此A項(xiàng)“一雙新耳朵”概括了本段大意。
26.C。文章第五段主要談到“我們將能把所有意識(shí)下載到電腦里……就意味著我們的頭腦能夠永遠(yuǎn)活下去”。因此C項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)上永恒的意識(shí)”概括了本段大意。
27.E。題干：Ray Kurzweil研究計(jì)算機(jī)幫助人們__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段和第四段提到的“Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities”和“Another idea,which is likely to help deafpeople”。因此E項(xiàng)“有殘疾的人”符合文章內(nèi)容。
28.A。題干：Ramona能夠理解__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第二段提到的“who is programmed to understand what you say”。故A項(xiàng)“你所說(shuō)的話”符合文章內(nèi)容。
29.C。題干：盲人能夠通過(guò)__________看到世界。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段提到的“Blind people will use a visual sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses”，可知C項(xiàng)“一副墨鏡”符合文章內(nèi)容。
30.C。題干：沒(méi)有聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題的人也有興趣使用__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段提到的“The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages.so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it…”，故C項(xiàng)“聽(tīng)覺(jué)機(jī)器”符合文章內(nèi)容。
partB
Hurricanes (龍卷風(fēng))
(1)Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可預(yù)知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性別歧視的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.
(2)Hurricanes and typhoons ( 臺(tái)風(fēng)) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind." And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind." To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.
(3)Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝結(jié)) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道) . To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air,the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.
(4)Scientists have determined that the beat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make sure such great energy work for us.
(5)Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (發(fā)瘋的)if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.
(6) The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these,we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Short history of naming hurricanes
B. Harnessing the hurricane energy
C. Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane
D. Huge energy stored in a hurricane
E. Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching
F. Different names for the same things
27——30完成句子
27. Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of__________.
28. Using weather satellites can ensure __________ of hurricanes.
29. Energy specialists may be interested in __________of hurricanes.
30. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to__________.
A. the timely (及時(shí)的) discovery
B. convenience
C. sex equality
D. its connection with humans
E. the huge power
F. its uncertainty
參考答案
23.A。該段中names反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，所以names是文章中的核心詞，借助段首句和段末句的句意判斷，答案應(yīng)為A。
24.F。除了選項(xiàng)F以外，其余選項(xiàng)中的核心詞，如：hamess，forecast，store，satellite等，在文章中均沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。
25.D。該段落中“能量”一詞頻繁出現(xiàn)，所以該詞是該段的中心詞，故可以判斷答案為B和D的可能性很大。再借助段首句和段末句的句意判斷，答案應(yīng)為D。
26.C。段首句中就出現(xiàn)了“預(yù)測(cè)”(predicting)和“困難”(difficult)，所以被選項(xiàng)中C和E可能是答案選項(xiàng)，而E中的“衛(wèi)星”在該段落中根本沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以C是答案。
27.C。題干：颶風(fēng)有著男性和女性的名字是考慮到__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的最后一句“In l979，realizing the sexist(性別歧視的)nature ofsuch names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women.”故判斷答案為C(性別平等)。
28.A。題干：使用天氣衛(wèi)星能保證颶風(fēng)的__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第六段第二句：“With these.we can see the storms form and track them fully,from birth to death.”所以答案為A。
29.E。題干：能源專家可能對(duì)颶風(fēng)的__________感興趣。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段最后兩句，由該處提到颶風(fēng)中包含的能量，可知答案為E。
30.F。題干：科學(xué)家們不能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)颶風(fēng)的行程是因?yàn)開(kāi)_________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第5段“Predicting the path ofa hurricane is one ofthe most difficult tasks for forecasters.It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph.But not always.”可知答案為F。
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