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職稱英語《綜合B》閱讀判斷真題練習(xí)及答案
Text one
Living History at Jamestown Settlement
A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (數(shù)碼的) cameras. This is Jamestown Settlement today.
Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first places in the world where people from Europe,America, and Africa came together in 1608. Today, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history. In a living history museum, actors wear clothes from the past and demonstrate many of the activities of daily life back then. The actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do.
At a Living History museum, there are always many things to touch, hear and smell. Visitors at Jamestown Settlement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonists to Virginia and even lie down in a colonist's bed. The colonists stayed on the crowded,dangerous ships for more than four months. When they got to Virginia they built an area of houses with a high wall around it in today's fort ( 堡壘 ), you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate. Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can help them with their sewing and cooking.
There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown Settlement, and it looks very different from the fort. It shows how the Indians lived in long houses and grew corn and other crops in large fields.
Actors there make pottery (陶器) and teach visitors how to play Indian games. You can even help them make an Indian boat from a tree.
Today the living history museum of Jamestown is very popular, especially with children and families.
People come here to have fun, but also to learn. Many school classes visit to experience old ways of getting things done. A living history museum is the best way to understand how people lived in the past.
16. Tourists like to take pictures in Jamestown Settlement today.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. In Jamestown Settlement, people from three different cultures came together in 1608.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. At a living history museum, visitors cannot touch any of the things on display.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The first colonists to Jamestown Settlement were from England.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The actors working at the museum explain what they do to the visitors.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. In Jamestown, visitors can walk through the real ships the colonists used.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Children and families enjoy playing Indian games.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
Text two
The Most Wonderful Islands
The Palm Islands are the largest artificial islands in the world and are under construction in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. They are being developed as tourist, leisure, and residential resorts, and will increase the coastline of the country by 120 kilometers.
After four years of planning and careful consideration of the environmental issues, construction started in 2001. Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea were employed in the building of the fhst two islands. The site for all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep. Sand is taken from the seabed and sprayed into the construction site. Although the shallow water facilitates this process, the islands are still very exposed to the currents and tidal movements of the sea. Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent (月狀的)structure. This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.
The first two islands are in the shape of date palm trees and consist of a trunk and 17 frond, or leaves coming off the trunk. The first island, named Palm Jumeirah, has three five-star hotels in the trunk, and luxury homes in the leaves. It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004,they were all sold within three days.
The second palm, Jebel All, was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre. Six marinas ( 小游艇船塢 )are planned, with a water theme park, and homes built on stilts ( 樁柱 )in the water.
The Palm Deira planned to be the largest of the three islands, with a length of 14 km and a width of 8.5 km, an area larger than the city of Paris. It will consist of residential properties, marinas,shopping malls, sports facilities, and clubs. These will be open to both residents and tourists.
More artificial islands, the World Islands, are now being constructed near the Palm Jumeirah.
They consist of 300 private islands grouped into the shape of the continents of the world and will be used for estates, private homes, community islands, and resorts.
Unquestionably, these artificial islands are one of the wonders of the modem world. They will also maintain Dubai's status as one of the leading tourist destinations in the region.
16. Some Dutch engineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The islands are being built in the deep water of the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Rocks for building the breakwater were taken from the World of Islands.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. All the luxury homes on Palm Jumeriah were sold.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The water theme park in Jebel Ali will attract more tourists.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The Palm Deria will be the same size as Paris.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The World Islands are bigger than the Palm Jumeriah.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
Text three
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes "programmed" into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits,it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures,and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later,they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.
The study confirms that theresponses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.
We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
16. Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案與解析
Text one
16.A。題干：現(xiàn)在游客喜歡在Jamestown Settlement拍照。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞take pictures和Jamestown Settlement可以定位到文章第一段最后兩句，意為“到處都是游客們?cè)谑褂脭?shù)碼相機(jī)拍照，這就是今日的Jamestown Settlement”，由此可知題干所述與原文信息一致，故該題答案為A。
17.A。題干：在Jamestown Settlement，不同文化的人們?cè)?608年來到這里。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Jamestown Settlement和1608可以定位到文章第二段第一句，意為“位于弗吉尼亞州的Jamestown Settlement是來自歐洲、美洲和非洲的人們于1608年最早聚集的居住地之一”，由此可知題干所述與原文信息一致，故該題答案為A。
18.B。題干：在這個(gè)鮮活的歷史博物館，游客們不準(zhǔn)觸摸任何展示的東西。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞living history museum和touch可以定位到文章第三段的第一句，意為“在這座鮮活的歷史博物館里，游客可以觸摸、聽和聞很多東西”，由此可知題干所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案為8。
19.C。題干：Jamestown Settlement地區(qū)最早的殖民者來自英國(guó)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞first colonist和England可以定位，沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)信息，由此可知該題答案為C。
20.A。題干：在該博物館工作的演員會(huì)跟游客解釋他們所做的事情。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞actors可以定位到第四段的第三句，意為“演員們制作陶器的同時(shí)也教游客們?nèi)绾瓮嬗〉诎踩说挠螒?rdquo;，由此可知演員們會(huì)向游客進(jìn)行一些解釋，故該題答案為A。
21.B。題干：在Jamestown，游客們可以在殖民者使用過的真的船上走動(dòng)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞real ships可以定位到第三段第二句，意為“游客們可以在運(yùn)送殖民者來到弗吉尼亞的三只小船的復(fù)制品上走動(dòng)”，由此可知題干所述與原文信息不一致，所以該題答案為B。
22.c。題干：兒童和家庭喜歡玩印第安人的游戲。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞children和families進(jìn)行定位，沒有定位到相關(guān)信息，所以該題答案為C。
Text two
16.A。題干：一些荷蘭的工程師在退海造地方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Dutch engineers可以定位第二段“Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea wereemployed in the building of the first two islands”，即“有著退海造地經(jīng)驗(yàn)的荷蘭工程師受雇于最早兩個(gè)島嶼的建設(shè)”，由此可知，題干信息與原句信息一致，故答案為A。
17.B。題干：島嶼建在海的深水區(qū)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞deep water可以定位到第二段“The sitefor all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep”。由此可知，題干信息與原句信息不一致，故答案為B。
18.C。題干：用于建造防波堤的巖石取自世界之島。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞rocks和WbrldofIslands可以定位第二段“Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent(月狀的)structure.This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.”，即“巖石用來固定沙子并形成月狀結(jié)構(gòu)，這起到了防波堤的作用從而保護(hù)島嶼不受海水的影響”，但是沒有提及這些巖石的來源，由此可知答案為C。
19.A。題干：Palm Jumeriah上那些奢華的房子都賣掉了。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞luxury homes和Palm Jumeriah等可以定位到第三段“The first island，named Palm Jumeirah，has three five—star hotels in the trunk，and luxury homes in the leaves.It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004，they were all sold within three days”，即“第一個(gè)島嶼取名為Palm Jumeriah，樹干部分是五星級(jí)的賓館，葉子之中是一些奢華的房子，但是令人吃驚的是這些房子在2004年開始出售，結(jié)果三天時(shí)間就銷售一空”，由此可知，題干信息與原句信息一致，故答案為A。
20.C。題干：JebelAli島的水主題公園將吸引更多的游客。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞JebelAli和tourists可以定位到第四段“Jebel Ali，was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre.Six marinas are planned，with a water theme park，and homes built on stilts(樁柱)in the water”，即“JebelAli始建于2002年，其規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)娛樂中心。該島上準(zhǔn)備建6個(gè)小游艇船塢，并有水主題公園以及建在水里木樁上的房子”，但是沒有提及游客的事情，故答案為c。
21.B。題干：Palm Deria跟巴黎一樣大。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Palm Deria和Paris可以定位到第五段“The Palm Deira planned to be the largest of the three islands.with a length of l4 km and a width of8.5 km，an area larger than the city ofParis.”，即“Palm Deira是三個(gè)島嶼中最大的，長(zhǎng)14千米，寬8.5千米，比巴黎市還大”。由此可知，題干信息與原句信息不一致，故答案為B。
22.C。題干：World Islands比Palm Jumeriah還要大。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞World Islands和Palm Jumeriah等可以定位到第六段，該段中提到World Islands位于Palm Jumeriah附近，但是沒有提及兩個(gè)島嶼的大小，故答案為C。
Text three
16.C。題干：男孩通常在年紀(jì)非常小的時(shí)候養(yǎng)成壞習(xí)慣。利用boys和bad habit進(jìn)行定位，通篇都沒有提到這個(gè)話題，因此答案為C。
17.B。題干：只有別人告訴我們，我們才能改掉不良習(xí)慣。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞breakbadhabits可以定位到第二段第二句，即“我們或者被父母告知要停止這個(gè)習(xí)慣，或者有意或無意地觀察到其他人沒有同樣的習(xí)慣，然后就逐漸改掉了壞習(xí)慣”。由此可知，改掉壞習(xí)慣一有兩個(gè)途徑。因此題干信息與原文信息不一致，故選B。
18.A。題干：當(dāng)我們有壓力時(shí)，壞習(xí)慣可能會(huì)恢復(fù)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞retum和pressure可以定位到第三段第一句，可知無論我們?nèi)绾闻Ω淖兞?xí)慣，它總是會(huì)贏了我們，特別是我們很著急、有壓力或者過度工作的時(shí)候。題干信息與原文信息一致，故選A。
19.B。題干：研究人員對(duì)志愿者在第一個(gè)測(cè)試中給出的答案感到吃驚。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞surprise可以定位到第四段第三句，可知研究人員對(duì)志愿者在第一個(gè)測(cè)驗(yàn)中得出的結(jié)果一點(diǎn)都不感到驚訝。題干信息與原文信息不一致，故選B。
20.C。題干：志愿者們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二次測(cè)試更加困難。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞more difficult和second進(jìn)行定位，文章沒有提及志愿者是否發(fā)現(xiàn)更難。因此答案為C未提及。
21.B。題干：研究表明，回應(yīng)要去除的東西更難。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞difficult和get rid of可以定位到第五段第二句，可知我們嘗試改變方式，但首先到我們腦海中的經(jīng)常是我們最開始學(xué)的，即要擺脫最先認(rèn)知的內(nèi)容是更困難的。題干信息與原文信息不一致，故選B。
22.A。題干：如果我們?cè)谠缙陴B(yǎng)成了很多壞習(xí)慣，就很難將其擺脫。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞early和harder可以定位到最后一段，可知壞習(xí)慣慢慢就變成了自動(dòng)的行為，一旦早期養(yǎng)成了壞習(xí)慣，在后期要改變或?qū)⑵浯蚱贫己茈y。題干信息與原文信息一致，故選A。
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