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2017年職稱英語理工類閱讀判斷專項試題及答案
Text one
Rescue Platform
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers. One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories.
The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metreveli's design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways involves applying differing amounts of power to each propeller.
Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of burning buildings. Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunately, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unstable beyond a certain length.
So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.
詞匯：
aftermath 結(jié)果，后果 sling 用懸?guī)У鯍?/p>
hover 盤旋 dangle 搖擺
hatch 策劃 prototype 原型
propeller 螺旋槳;推進(jìn)器
注釋：
1.One idea is platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter：形容詞短語capable of flying vertically and hovering…用作定語，修飾platform
2.since=since ten years ago
3.escape basket：救生籃
4.in the wake of：在……后
5.4-meter by 4-meter：4米*4米
練習(xí)：
1). A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2). The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3). With the help of jet engines, the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4). In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5). The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6). In the wake of September 11, Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7). Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案與題解：
1.B 本題給出的信息是錯誤的。第二段說，救生平臺既可垂直升降，也可側(cè)向移動。
2.A 本題給出的信息是正確的。根據(jù)第二段第二句：Metreveli's design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers.句中的horizaontal propellers指水平方向旋轉(zhuǎn)的螺旋推進(jìn)器。
3.C 文章沒有提到救生平臺移動的速度。
4.B 從上下文看，本段介紹直升機(jī)在營救高樓受困人員時有不足之處，即救生籃晃動、不穩(wěn)定。雖然本段沒有明說，讀者能體會到，the Eagle 就沒有這個缺點。所以，本題說helicopter就是the Eagle，傳達(dá)的信息是錯誤的。
5.C 文章沒有提供“救生平臺動力越大，載人越多”這一信息，只是在第二段倒數(shù)第二句說： The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises.
6.B “9·11”事件之后，Metreveli 拿到的是建造 a larger，4-meter by 4-meter prototype 的經(jīng)費(fèi)，而不是建造a small-scale model of Eagel的經(jīng)費(fèi)。
7.C 文章沒有提供這方面的信息。
譯文：救生平臺
在世界貿(mào)易中心遭到恐怖襲擊后，安全專家們正在努力尋找新方法，來從燃燒的摩天大樓上營救人們，其中的想法之一就是構(gòu)建一個能夠垂直升降并像直升機(jī)一樣在空中盤旋的平臺。該平臺可沿摩天大樓上下移動，運(yùn)送高樓受困人員。
十多年前，一名俄羅斯航空航天工程師 David Metreveli醞釀出垂直起落平臺這一想法，隨后移居以色列。 Metreveli的設(shè)計方案命名為“老鷹”，需用兩個噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)來推動四個大型水平方向旋轉(zhuǎn)的螺旋推進(jìn)器。螺旋推進(jìn)器快速旋轉(zhuǎn)，生成必要的上升力，使平臺升起。供給螺旋推進(jìn)器的能量越多，平臺升得就越高。要使平臺側(cè)向移動，則需要給螺旋推進(jìn)器添加不等的能量。
現(xiàn)在，人們有時還用直升機(jī)營救起火大樓中的被困人員，從直升機(jī)中拋出的就生籃在大樓旁搖擺，人們可以爬到里面去。不幸的是，由于懸掛救生籃的繩索在超出一定長度后就會非常不穩(wěn)定，所以救生籃無法到達(dá)每一層樓。
目前， Metreveli已經(jīng)建立起一個小型“老鷹”模型來檢測自己的構(gòu)思。“ 911”事件后， MetreveJi獲得了足夠的基金，開始構(gòu)建一個較大規(guī)模的模型。該模型大小為4米×4米，他將之命名為“小鷹”。
Text two
Microchip Research Center Created
A research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.
The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker.1 Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance2.
As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years3,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while4 plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.
More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars.5 The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners — mainly from Japan and Singapore.
Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,6 the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property7 owners.
詞匯：
microchip微芯片 flagship 首位，最好
mainstream 主流 marginalize 忽視，邊緣化
vendor 賣主
注釋：
1.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker：這個國家名列首位的芯片制造公司說，芯片中心的成立可能使這個國家擺脫從他國購買即將淘汰的技術(shù)的困境。
(1)free ... from ... ：把……從……解放出來
(2)situation that = situation in which
(3)said the country’s flagship chipmaker：把“誰說的”放在句末，是為了突出“The advent ... other countries”所表達(dá)的事實。注意放在句末時用的是倒裝句：said the country’s flagship chipmaker。
2.self-reliance：自力更生
3.every three to five years：每隔3～5年
4.while：而(表示對比)
5.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars：十幾個芯片廠正在建設(shè)之中，每一個廠的造價都在幾百萬美元。
each costing millions of US dollars是獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語，進(jìn)一步說明情況。
6.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry：如果新建的芯片中心能在改善該國在芯片行業(yè)的(被動)形勢中起重要作用……
Should…in the industry是虛擬條件句，也可寫成If the new center should play a major role in improving the situation in the industry ...
7.intellectual property：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)
練習(xí)：
1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案與題解：
1.B 本題給出的信息是錯誤的。最后一段說到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善該國在芯片行業(yè)的被動形勢中起重要作用，該國認(rèn)為：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。
2.C 文章沒有提供這方面的信息。
3.B 文章提到專利費(fèi)較高，此句說較低，與原意不符。
4.A 本題給出的信息是正確的。第二段有這樣一句話：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.這就是選A的依據(jù)。
5.C 文章沒有提供這方面的信息。
6.A 選A的依據(jù)是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...
7.B 本題給出的信息是錯誤的。第四段第二句說明，這些芯片工廠的技術(shù)主要是從日本和新加坡進(jìn)口的。
譯文：微芯片研究中心成立
為了開發(fā)先進(jìn)的微芯片生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，這個遠(yuǎn)東國家建立了一個研究中心，該中心啟動資金為一千四百萬美元，可以幫助該國開發(fā)自己的芯片工業(yè)，不必總是依賴于進(jìn)口技術(shù)。
該中心將會應(yīng)用自己的研究技術(shù)和設(shè)施，為本國芯片廠家開發(fā)新技術(shù)。這個國家名列首位的芯片制造公司說，芯片中心的成立可能使這個國家擺脫從他國購買即將淘汰的技術(shù)的困境。由于許多外國政府擔(dān)心先進(jìn)技術(shù)會被用于軍事目的，不允許這個國家的芯片生產(chǎn)廠家進(jìn)口前沿技術(shù)，所以這些生產(chǎn)廠家處于一種被動局面。另外，由于這些芯片生產(chǎn)廠家必須向技術(shù)提供者支付高額的許可費(fèi)，這也構(gòu)成了他們決定要自力更生的一個重要原因。
由于主流芯片生產(chǎn)技術(shù)每隔 3～5年就要進(jìn)行更新?lián)Q代，所以掌握了新技術(shù)的廠家就可以以較低的成本制造出較好的芯片，而那些耗費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元建立起的廠家，如果設(shè)備落后，也將會被生產(chǎn)商所淘汰。
幾個芯片廠正在建立之中，每個廠的造價都在幾百萬美元，其中大部分資金都流向了海外設(shè)備商和技術(shù)所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。
如果新建的芯片中心能在改變該國芯片行業(yè)的被動形勢中起到重要作用，該國承認(rèn)，一千四百萬美元的投資仍是微不足道的。該國正在開發(fā)綜合技術(shù)，大部分投資將用于與技術(shù)和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)所有者建立聯(lián)盟。
Text three
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1
Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?
If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off.
However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.
詞匯：
automatically .自動地
note 音符
stroke 中風(fēng)
注釋：
1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了樂器，而動物則不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科學(xué)家們正在研發(fā)新藥用以治療癌癥。
練習(xí)：
1.Humans, but not animals, can sing.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.It’s hard for humans to compose music.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案與題解：
1.B 第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些動物會唱歌，而不只人類會唱歌。
2.A 第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.這句清楚表明，人們可以用音樂來表達(dá)情感。
3.B 第四段說明：科學(xué)證明人們用大腦的不同區(qū)域處理語言和音樂。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子進(jìn)一步說明人腦處理語言和音樂的位置不同，Shebalin中風(fēng)以后不能講話也聽不懂別人的話，但他卻能創(chuàng)作樂曲。
4.A 第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.這句說明Miller對音樂和愛(情感)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究，他得出的結(jié)論是：音樂和愛有密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。
5.C 文中沒有提及創(chuàng)作樂曲是否困難。
6.B 第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句說明必須具備好的記憶力記音符才能唱得符合調(diào)子。
7.A 最后一段講的是：科學(xué)家們需要做更多的研究才能解釋為什么有些聲音影響我們的情感會如此之深。也就是說，科學(xué)家不能全部解釋音樂對人類的影響。
譯文：音樂生物學(xué)
人們把音樂作為一種高效的交流方式，在愛情中它也可能會起到重要的作用。但是音樂是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科學(xué)界還沒有給出答案。
哪兩項事物使得人類不同于動物?一個是語言，另一個是音樂。當(dāng)然一些動物會唱歌 (并且許多鳥唱得比很多人都好聽) ，但是，動物的歌聲是有限的，比如鳥類和鯨魚。同樣，是人類而不是動物開發(fā)出了樂器。
音樂是個奇怪的東西，它與語言有明顯的不同。但是，人們能夠用音樂去傳達(dá)——尤其是情感。當(dāng)音樂與歌曲中的語言結(jié)合在一起的時候，它就是一種強(qiáng)有力的表達(dá)方式。但是，從生物學(xué)來講，音樂是什么?
如果音樂與語言真的不同，那么我們應(yīng)該在大腦的不同區(qū)域內(nèi)對音樂和語言進(jìn)行加工處理，科學(xué)證據(jù)也證實了這一點。
有時，受過腦損傷的人會喪失他們處理語言的能力。但是，他們不會自動地丟失音樂才能。比如，維沙翁·舍巴林，一位蘇聯(lián)作曲家，在1953 年得了中風(fēng)。他的大腦的左半邊受到損害，他再也不能說話或是理解別人的話，但是他仍然能夠譜曲，直到十年后他離開人世。另一方面，中風(fēng)有時會使人們喪失音樂能力，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌蛘f話也能聽懂別人的話。這就說明大腦是分別加了處理音樂和語言的。
通過研究音樂在人身體上的物理效應(yīng)，科學(xué)家也了解到許多關(guān)于音樂是如何影響情感的。但是，為什么音樂對我們有如此強(qiáng)烈的影響?這是一個更難回答的問題。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究員杰弗里·米勒認(rèn)為音樂和愛有緊密的關(guān)，音樂需要特殊才能、練習(xí)和體能。這也許是一種方式讓你展示你適合做某人的伴侶。比如，按調(diào)唱歌或者彈奏樂器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的記憶力來記住音符。能正確地演奏或者唱出這些音符也證明你的聽力也非常好。所以，當(dāng)一個男人唱給他心愛的女人時(反之亦然) 音樂就可能成為一種展示的方式。
然而，米勒的理論仍然不能解釋為什么聲音的特定結(jié)合可以深深地影響我們的情感。對于科學(xué)家來說，這顯然是一個需要深入研究的領(lǐng)域。
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