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2024年職稱英語試題《綜合A》閱讀理解訓練題
從小學、初中、高中到大學乃至工作，我們都要用到試題，試題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫出來的。什么類型的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢？以下是小編收集整理的2024年職稱英語試題《綜合A》閱讀理解訓練題，希望對大家有所幫助。
Superconductor Ceramic (陶瓷)
An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (輕擊) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.
The new electrical cables at the Frisbie powe.r station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors dont. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.
Making superconductors isnt easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen; bismuth(鉍 ), strontium(偲 ), and calcium( 鈣 ). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwis.e around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramictape to the point where it conveys electricity
with zero resistance.
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.
1.What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.
B. Other American cities can benefit from the high-perfo ——rraance cables.
C. Great amounts of power can be conserved.
D. Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables.
2.Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors
A. have little or no electrical resistance.
B. can be used for a long time.
C. are not energy-efficient.
D. can be made easily.
3.At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?
A. -143 degree Celsius.
B. -263 degree Celsius.
C. As long as it is ice-cold.
D. Absolute zero.
4.What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?
A. Copper.
B. Liquid nitrogen.
C. Clay.
D. Calcium.
5.According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Other cities hope they can also conserve power.
B. Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon.
C. Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.
D. The Fribie experiment is not successful.
答案與解析：
1.c。細節(jié)題。題干：第一段中提及的這場革命的好處是什么?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的最后一句，盡管A、B、D的內(nèi)容都在第一段中被提及，但不是這場革命所帶來的主要利益。
2.A。細節(jié)題。題干：與傳統(tǒng)的普通電導體相比，超導體__________。第二段的第二句和第四句提供了明確的答案：超導體幾乎沒有電阻，而普通導體都有一定的電阻。故選A。
3.A。細節(jié)題。題干：在什么溫度下，超導體失去電阻?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段最后一句，由該句可知答案為A。B是50年前第一代超導體的溫度數(shù)。C和D都不是正確的說法。
4.B。細節(jié)題。題干：什么因素使得ceramic tape能降低溫度?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段第四句，由該句可知答案為B。A和D中的copper和calcium是用來制造超導體的陶瓷材料的成分;C中的clay是陶瓷材料的來源。
The Sandwich Generation
Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are "sandwiched" in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household -- a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.
There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. Its also more common for todays young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial
or emotional support.
People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents, financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents, future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.
Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions: How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyones privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.
The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming.
However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of ones parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them.
However, in order to survive this difficult period in their lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They cant be totally selfless.
41. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age
A. cant enjoy their life as they have expected.
B. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.
C. cant enjoy their life because they havent worked hard enough.
D. are facing great pressure from their work.
42. Which is true about the sandwich generation?
A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.
B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.
C. They all have to live with their parents and children.
D. They are torn between the responsibilities for their parents and children.
43. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents these days?
A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.
B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.
C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.
D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past.
44. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT
A. sharing household chores.
B. determining who is the caregiver of the family.
C. ensuring everyones privacy.
D. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household.
45. To survive the difficult period in their lives, the sandwich generation need to_________.
A. be totally selfless.
B. rediscover the merits of their children.
C. value the time spent with their parents.
D. consider their own well-being.
答案與解析
41.A。細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)文章的意思，很多中年人。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，當孩子長大后，中年人期望能享受努力工作創(chuàng)造的生活，然而，現(xiàn)實卻不是這樣。由此可知，很多中年人不能如愿地享受生活。故本題選A(無法過上他們期望的生活)。
42.D。細節(jié)判斷題。題干：關(guān)于三明治一代，下列哪個描述是正確的?根據(jù)第一段第四句可知，很多中年人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們正肩負著兩種責任：一個是照顧日益年長的父母，另一個是幫助年輕的孩子處理生活的壓力。第一段第五句接著說，全世界有數(shù)百萬的中年人像三明治一樣夾在上一代和下一代中間。因此選項D(他們常常在贍養(yǎng)老人和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責任中左右為難)。
43.C。細節(jié)題。題干：為什么現(xiàn)在很多年輕人選擇和父母住在一起?根據(jù)第二段最后三句可知，如今一些年輕人之所以會更久地跟父母住在一起，是因為他們需要父母的經(jīng)濟或情感支持。故本題答案為C(他們需要父母的`支持來應對財務問題)。
44.B。細節(jié)判斷題。題干：三明治一代面臨著下列挑戰(zhàn)，除了__________。根據(jù)第四段中的“caregivers have to resolve important questions：How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household?How can household chores be shared?What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy?”可知，只有B不是三明治一代要考慮的問題，所以該題答案為B(決定誰來贍養(yǎng)家庭)。
45.D。推斷題。題干：想度過人生中這一艱難時段，三明治一代需要__________。最后一段最后兩句中的“…they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of thie own lives.They can’t be totally selfless.”表明，三明治一代也需要考慮自己的需求和自身的生活質(zhì)量，不能完全忘我。由此可知，要度過這個人生的艱難時段，三明治一代需要考慮自身的幸福，所以該題答案為D(考慮自身的幸福)。
The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator，as he preferred to call it. However，most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can’t choose to move away,” says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
Don’t worry about them. They fire probably from a university.
31. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that
A. are worried about their past.
B. have a glorious past to be proud of.
C. want to maintain their traditional image.
D. are very interested in their own history.
32. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in
A. the shortage of money.
B. the lack of a device to carry people upward.
C. backward technology.
D. mountains taking up land space.
33. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,
A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.
B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.
C. it was accepted favorably by the public.
D. most people had doubt about its safety.
34. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?
A. Fascinating.
B. Uninteresting.
C. Frightening.
D. Exciting.
35. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because
A. here humans behave the way animals do.
B. people in a lift are all scared.
C. here some people take notes.
D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.
答案：
CBDBD
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