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2024年職稱英語試題《衛(wèi)生A》閱讀理解練習(xí)題
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職稱英語試題《衛(wèi)生A》閱讀理解練習(xí)題 1
Living Standards
The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.
What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries productivity-- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a workers time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nations productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.
The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.
The relationship between productivity and .living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards,policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.
1.Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?
A. Mexico.
B. The United States.
C. Japan.
D. South Korea.
2.The word "meager" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
A. modest
B. poor
C. meaningless
D. plentiful
3.What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?
A. Labor unions.
B. Minimum-wage laws.
C. Rising productivity.
D. Favorable public policy.
4.The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant in that__________.
A. it calls policymakers attention to a qualified work force
B. it encourages workers to get better education
C. it helps improve the workers ability to produce goods and services
D. it enables policymakers to access the latest technology
5.The passage mainly discusses__________.
A. the differences in average income among countries
B. the relationship between productivity and living standards
C. the causes of the rise in living standards
D. the importance of raising productivity
答案解析
1.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列哪個(gè)國家有最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到首段末尾：“At this rate，average income doubles every 35 years.In some countries….”文章先提到在美國，人均收入每35年翻一番，接著指出在一些國家，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度更快，可見經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度與人均收入增長是成正比的，即人均收入增長越快，就說明經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度越快。根據(jù)后面的例子，日本人均收入20年翻一番，而韓國則只需10年，由此可推知，韓國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度最快。
2.B。詞匯題。題干：“meager”的意思是 __________ 。方法一：可以通過查詞典得知meager的意思是“貧乏的”。方法二：利用語境，該詞出現(xiàn)在第二段“In nations where workers can produce…;in nations where workers…”。這里對兩類國家進(jìn)行了對比，首先在那些單位時(shí)間內(nèi)能生產(chǎn)出大量的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)(即生產(chǎn)力水平較高)的國家，大多數(shù)人的生活水平都較高;接著與之相對應(yīng)，在那些生產(chǎn)力水平較低的國家，人們的生活水平肯定較低，因此可推出meager一詞肯定跟“窮困”的意思接近，故答案只能為poor。modest意為“謙虛的，適度的”;meaningless意為“毫無意義的”;plentiful意為“許多的，豐富的”。
3.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：普通人生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高的最主要的因素是什么?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段：“If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards，other explanations must be of secondary importance…”由上面的.論述可知，生產(chǎn)力對人們的生活水平起決定作用，其他因素都是次要的。
4.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：研究生產(chǎn)力和生活水平之間的關(guān)系很重要是因?yàn)開_________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到最后一段。本段主要論述研究生產(chǎn)力和生活水平之間的關(guān)系對公共政策的制定的重大意義。政策的制定者們必須考慮到生產(chǎn)力的提高也就意味著生活水平的提高。如何提高生產(chǎn)力從而提高人們的生活水平就是他們必須認(rèn)真思考的。而提高生產(chǎn)力就必須依靠提高工人的受教育水平，擁有先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)工具，以及能夠接觸到高科技。所以推斷出研究生產(chǎn)力和生活水平之間的關(guān)系的意義在于引起政策制定者關(guān)注勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)的提高。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
5.B。主旨題。題干：這篇文章主要論述了什么?從每段的首尾句可以看出整篇文章主要論述了生產(chǎn)力和人們的生活水平之間的關(guān)系。A、C選項(xiàng)都很片面，只是文章某一段落的主題;而D選項(xiàng)只提到提高生產(chǎn)力的重要性，沒有提到人們的生活水平。
職稱英語試題《衛(wèi)生A》閱讀理解練習(xí)題 2
Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers
Young female chimps are faster and better learners than young male chimps, suggests a new study, echoing learning differences seen in human girls and boys.
While young male chimps pass their time playing. Young female chimps carefully study their mothers. As a result, they learn how to fish for tasty termite snacks over two years before the boys.
Elizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, US, and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul spent four years watching how young chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania learned “cultural behavior”.
The sex differences in learning behavior were “consistent and strikingly apparent”, says the team. The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to skills such as writing. “A sex-based learning differences may therefore date back at least to the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans.” they write in the journal Nature.
Chimps make flexible tools from vegetation and then them into termite mounds, extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the tool. The researchers used video cameras to record this feeding behavior and found that each chimp mother had her own technique, such as how she used tools of different lengths.
Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of 31 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their termites, where the boy chimps were aged 58 months on average. Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.
Instead of studying their mothers, the boy chimps spent a significantly greater amount of time frolicking around the termite mound. Behaviors such as playing or swinging might help the male infants later in life when typically male activities like hunting or fighting for dominance become important, suggest the researchers.
Lonsdorf adds that there just two main sources of animal protein for chimps — the termites or colobus monkeys. “Mature males often hunt monkeys up trees, but females are almost always either pregnant or burdened with a clinging infant. This makes hunting difficult,” she says .“Adult females spend more time fishing for termites than males.” So becoming proficient at termite fishing could mean adult females eat better, “They can watch their offspring at the same time. The young of both sexes seen to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles{10} at a very young age.”
練習(xí)：
1. Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at fishing for termites? A Because young female chimps don’t play with their brothers. B Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier. C Because young male chimps never learn to fish for termites. D Because young male chimps are not interested in termites.
2. What are the tools with which chimps fish for termites? A Tree branches. B Vegetation. C Fruits. D Grass.
3. Which of the Following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6? A Males often compete with females in fishing for termites. B Males could get out more termites with every dip. C Females could get out more termites with every dip. D Males are good at mastering technique for fishing for termites.
4. How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playing? A They like hunting. B They enjoy fighting. C It helps them to stay fit. D It will make them good fighters and hunters in the future.
5. According to the last paragrnph, which of the following is NOT true? A Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites. B The main source of animal protein for male chimps is colobus monkeys. C The main source of animal protein for female chimps is termites. D Female chimps fish for termites while watching their children.
答案與題解 ：
1. B 根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，雄性小猩猩將時(shí)間用來玩要，而雌性小猩猩則研究她們母親的行為，因此，她們比雄性小猩猩早兩年學(xué)會捕食白蟻。 A、D文中沒有提到， C與問題沒有關(guān)系。
2. B第五段的第一個(gè)句子告訴我們，猩猩用植物作成方便的工具，用來捕食白蟻。 A、C和 D均是錯(cuò)誤的。
3. C 該段告訴我們，對六只小猩猩的分析表明，雌性小猩狠不但較早學(xué)會捕食白蟻 .而且能比雄性小猩猩更為熟練地捕食到更多的白蟻。所以， B和 D都不是正確選項(xiàng)。 A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中沒有提到。
4. D A、B和 C都是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槲闹袥]有捉到雄性小猩猩喜歡獵食和打斗，也沒有提及玩耍能使他們更健康。D是正確答案。第七段昀后一句說，他們喜歡玩耍的行為有助于他們長大后的生活，因?yàn)椋侥菚r(shí)，他們要獵食和爭權(quán)奪位。
5. A 根據(jù)昀后一段的.內(nèi)容，成年雄猩猩主要獵食生活在樹上的一種叫做 colobus（疣猴）的猴子，而雌性猩猩捕食白蟻。所以 A是正確選項(xiàng)。 B、C和 D的內(nèi)容均可在該段中找到。
職稱英語試題《衛(wèi)生A》閱讀理解練習(xí)題 3
Bees and Colour
On our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different grey cards. These trey cards are of all possible shades of grey and include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup in it; all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place.
Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the grey cards, in spite of the fact that one of the grey cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of grey for blue. In this way we have proved that they do really see blue as a colour.
We can find out in just the same way what other colours bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colours, but these insects differ from us as regards their colour-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different grey cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a colour at all for bees; for them it is just dark grey or black.
That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another colour which we cannot see at all. This colour beyond the violet, invisible to us, is called the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra-violet light, bees can do so; for them ultra-violet is a colour. Thus bees see a colour w
ahich we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.
1. The experiment with bees described in the first and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as a colour.
A. True
B. False
C. Not mentioned
2. The third paragraph tells us that bees also regard red as a colour.
A. True
B. False
C. Not mentioned
3. The experiment described in the second paragraph aimed to find out that bees are not able to see grey as a colour.
A. True
B. False
C. Not mentioned
4. An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to see whether bees can recognize the ultra-violet as a colour.
A. True
B. False
C. Not mentioned
5. The fourth paragraph tells us that bees may be harmed by ultra-violet light.
A. True
B. False
C. Not mentioned
6. We can conclude from the passage that bees recognize colours in the same way as human beings.
A. True
B. False
C. Not mentioned
7. Bees are more sensitive to colours than human beings.
A. True
B. False
C. Not mentioned
答案：
ABBACBC
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