職稱英語歷年真題《理工C》閱讀理解精選

不少考生開始備考2017年職稱英語考試，為了幫助大家更好地備考職稱英語考試，以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于職稱英語歷年真題《理工C》閱讀理解精選，供大家備考。

　　Soot (煤煙灰) and Snow: a Hot Combination

　　New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.

　　Soot in the higher latitudes (緯度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot,absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.

　　Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. "This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier," said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.

　　Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo (反照率), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafi:ost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.

　　"Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon," Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate. "This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude," Hansen noted.

　　Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.

　　The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.

　　36. Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true?

　　A. It absorbs sun's heat.

　　B. It is responsible for climate change.

　　C. It reflects sunlight.

　　D. It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century.

　　37. Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect?

　　A. Ice sea areas.

　　B. Areas with black carbon.

　　C. Areas covered with white snow.

　　D. Melting glaciers.

　　38. "This forcing" in Paragraph 5 refers to __________.

　　A. sun's heating on snow surface

　　B. soot's increased absorption of solar energy

　　C. carbon-dioxide's warming effect

　　D. snow's increased reflection of sunlight

　　39. What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century?

　　A. Soot.

　　B. Snow.

　　C. Greenhouse gases.

　　D. Wind.

　　40. The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with __________.

　　A. thinning sea ice and insufficient sunlight

　　B. light snow cover and sufficient sunlight

　　C. heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight

　　D. thick sea ice and insufficient sunlight

　　答案與解析

　　36.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列關(guān)于soot的說法不正確的是哪項(xiàng)?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞soot無法定位到相關(guān)信息，可以改為定位選項(xiàng)。分別定位四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，利用選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段的首句，可知地球高緯地區(qū)冰雪覆蓋，那里的煤灰比白色的冰面吸收了更多的太陽熱能，所以選項(xiàng)A與原文信息一致;利用選項(xiàng)B的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段首句，可知冰雪地區(qū)的煤灰對氣候變化可能起著至關(guān)重要的作用，所以選項(xiàng)B與原文信息一致;利用選項(xiàng)C的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的首句，可知美國國家航空航天局的科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)新調(diào)查顯示，黑色煤煙的排放改變了冰雪對陽光的反射方式，而不是反射太陽光，所以選項(xiàng)C與原文信息不一致;利用選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的最后一句，可知上世紀(jì)觀測到的全球變暖有25%是黑煤灰引起的，所以D項(xiàng)與原文信息一致。因此，該題答案為C(黑色煤煙能反射陽光)。

　　37.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列哪個(gè)區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出較大的溫室效應(yīng)?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞warming effect可以定位到第三段的前兩句，可知冰雪地區(qū)的煤灰對氣候變化可能起著至關(guān)重要的作用。而且一旦覆蓋大地的冰雪開始融化，煤灰就會(huì)更加固著于冰面，從而加劇溫室效應(yīng)，所以可知覆蓋了煤灰的雪所產(chǎn)生的溫室效應(yīng)比較大，根據(jù)第二段的最后一句可知深黑色的碳就是煤灰，因此該題選B項(xiàng)(覆蓋了黑色的碳的地區(qū))。

　　38.B。詞匯題。題干：第五段中的“This forcing”指的是__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞“This forcing”可以定位到第五段。代詞的含義一般在其前的句子中。前一句提到煤灰對太陽熱能的大量吸收是全球氣候變暖的重要因素，然后說這種強(qiáng)力是非常有效的，溫室作用是同量二氧化碳強(qiáng)度的兩倍，這種強(qiáng)力指的是煤灰對太陽熱能的吸收，故本題答案為B(煤灰逐漸的吸收太陽熱能)。

　　39.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：上個(gè)世紀(jì)氣候變暖的主要原因是什么?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞climate warming和the past century可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句，可知Hansen又提醒說盡管煤灰對全球氣候變化的作用重大，但這并不能改變一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是溫室氣體是上世紀(jì)氣候變暖的首要原因，所以該題答案為C(溫室氣體)。

　　40.c。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：最大的溫室效應(yīng)發(fā)生在北半球__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞the largest warming effects和Northern Hemisphere可以定位到最后一段，可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)北半球觀測到的變暖現(xiàn)象大多發(fā)生在中高緯地區(qū)的冬春兩季，這樣的觀測結(jié)果與氣象模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)相吻合，表明部分大規(guī)模的溫室效應(yīng)發(fā)生在有厚雪覆蓋層和充足的日照的時(shí)期。因此，該題答案為選項(xiàng)C(厚雪覆蓋層和充足的日照)。

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