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職稱英語歷年真題《衛(wèi)生B》閱讀理解精選題
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Approaches to Understanding Intelligence
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.
Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.
These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists; he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.
These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic( 身體動(dòng)的 ) , and naturalistic.
31. What is the main idea of this passage ?
A. The importance of intelligence.
B. The development of intelligence tests.
C. How to understand intelligence.
D. How to become intelligent.
32. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning general intelligence ?
A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
B. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
C. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.
D. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.
33. Gardner believes that__________.
A. all children are alike
B. children have different intelligences
C. children should take one intelligence test
D. there is no general intelligence
34. According to Gardner schools should __________.
A. promote development of all intelligences
B. test students who do poorly on tests
C. train students who do poorly on tests
D. focus on finding the most intelligent students
35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a __________.
A. musical foundation
B. intrapersonal foundation
C. linguistic foundation
D. biological foundation
答案與解析
31.C。主旨題。題干：這篇文章的主要大意是什么?利用題干短文的題目“Approaches to Understanding Intelligences”即“理解智力的模式”，可知本文關(guān)注的是如何理解智力，因而答案為C。
32.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：關(guān)于普遍智力的說法下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞general intelligence等可以定位到第一段“Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences”，即“有的人認(rèn)為有一種普遍的智力，而其他人則認(rèn)為有多種類型的智力”，根據(jù)這句話無法確定答案;可以利用定位選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行解答，分別定位四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段“…people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words，numbers or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests，and written or oral tests”，即“那些在一種類型的智力測(cè)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)好的人在其他測(cè)驗(yàn)中也表現(xiàn)好。他們?cè)谑褂迷~匯、數(shù)字和圖片的測(cè)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)好。他們無論是在個(gè)人的還是團(tuán)隊(duì)的測(cè)驗(yàn)也表現(xiàn)好，在書面的或口語的測(cè)驗(yàn)中也表現(xiàn)好”，由此可知D為正確答案。
33.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Gardner認(rèn)為 __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Gardner可以定位到第四段和第五段，但是無法確定相關(guān)的原句，所以還需要通過定位選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞來原句的定位。分別定位四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞，可以定位到第四段“He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test”，即“他認(rèn)為所有的孩子都是不同的，而且… 不應(yīng)該通過一種智力測(cè)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行測(cè)驗(yàn)”，由此可知B為正確答案。
34.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)Gardner，學(xué)校應(yīng)該 __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Gardner和school可以定位到第四段“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences”，即“Gardner認(rèn)為學(xué)校的目的就是鼓勵(lì)我們所有人的智力發(fā)展”。因而A為正確答案。
35.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Gardner認(rèn)為他的理論有 __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Gardner和school可以定位到第五段“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology”，即“Gardner認(rèn)為他的理論是基于生物學(xué)的”，所以D為正確答案。
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