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2017年職稱英語閱讀理解模擬題及答案理工B
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Mind-reading1 Machine
A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what's happening in their brains.
When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing.
The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) 2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.
Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood--and therefore, which parts are working to process information.
An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.
The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.
In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.
詞匯：
scan v. &n. 掃描 visualize v. 使可見;設(shè)想
neuron n. 神經(jīng)元
注釋:
1. Mind-reading: 能讀出(猜出)人的想法的。mind-read: 可做動(dòng)詞，如，As a successful
salesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.
2. FMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) : 功能性磁振造影。這是一種新興的神經(jīng)影像學(xué)方式，其原理是利用磁振造影來測量神經(jīng)元活動(dòng)所引發(fā)之血液動(dòng)力的改變。
3. visualize: 意為make(something)visible to the eye，即“使可見，使顯現(xiàn)”。
練習(xí):
1. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?
A)A small region of the brain.
B)The central part of the brain.
C)Neurons in the brain.
D)Oxygen-rich blood.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?
A)Ceils in your brain are called neurons.
B)The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.
C)FMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.
D)fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.
3. "Highlighting the areas of the brain at work" means
A)"marking the parts of the brain that are processing information"
B)"giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information"
C)"putting the parts of the brain to work"
D)"stopping the parts of the brain from working"
4. What did the researchers experiment on?
A)Animals, objects, and fruits.
B)Two volunteers.
C)fMRI machines.
D)Thousands of pictures.
5. Which of the following can be the best replacement of the tide?
A)The Recent Development in Science and Technology.
B)Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.
C)A Technological Dream.
D)A Device that can Help You Calculate.
答案與題解：
1. C 文章第二段的最后兩個(gè)句子提供了答案。Cells in your brain called neurons are
responsible for this processin9.這里的processin9指的就是上句中的內(nèi)容。
2. D 的電容文章中沒有出現(xiàn)。A的內(nèi)容在第二段可找到。B的內(nèi)容在第二段可找到。C的內(nèi)容在第五段可找到。
3. A highlight：使…顯得突出，標(biāo)出。at work：正在工作的。這里指正在處理信息的(大腦區(qū)域)。
4. B答案在文章的第六段中可以找到。實(shí)驗(yàn)者讓兩個(gè)自愿受試者觀看許多照片，并用fMRI對(duì)設(shè)備測試他們的大腦在這一過程中的活動(dòng)。
5.B A論述的范圍太大。fMR技術(shù)已不再是夢想，所以C也不是正確選擇。D所述內(nèi)容與
文章完全不符。B符合文章內(nèi)容，是最佳選擇。
譯文：
讀心機(jī)
一個(gè)加州的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)了一種可以通過掃描人體大腦所發(fā)生的變化從而預(yù)測出這個(gè)人正在看一些什么樣的物體的方法。
當(dāng)你注視一些物體時(shí)，你的眼睛會(huì)發(fā)送一個(gè)關(guān)于該物體的信號(hào)到你的大腦中。大腦的不同區(qū)域處理眼睛發(fā)送的這些信號(hào)。大腦中負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)過程的細(xì)胞叫做神經(jīng)元。
FMBI(功能性磁振造影)腦掃描可以大體地比較大腦中人們對(duì)所觀察物體基本形狀的電運(yùn)動(dòng)。
像身體中其他地方的細(xì)胞一樣，活躍的神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞也需要氧氣。血液為神經(jīng)元提供氧氣，神經(jīng)元越活躍，對(duì)氧氣量的需求越大。大腦中越是活躍的區(qū)域，它的神經(jīng)元也就越活躍，為此，更多的血液會(huì)流經(jīng)這一區(qū)域。那么通過使用FMBI，科學(xué)家可以使大腦中接收相對(duì)多的富氧血液的部分可視化。因此，可視化的部分就是處理信息的部分
FMRI機(jī)是一種可以掃描大腦和測量流向大腦的血液變化的設(shè)備。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)為研究者顯示，當(dāng)人們思考觀察進(jìn)行像說話閱讀這樣的活動(dòng)時(shí)，大腦運(yùn)動(dòng)的變化。通過突出顯示人們觀看不同圖像時(shí)頭腦工作的區(qū)域，F(xiàn)MRI可以幫助科學(xué)家們確定與不同圖像相關(guān)的大腦活動(dòng)的具體形式。
加州的研究者讓兩個(gè)志愿者觀察數(shù)百個(gè)諸如人、動(dòng)物和水果這樣的日常事物。他們用這樣方式來測試大腦的活動(dòng)�？茖W(xué)家使用FMRI機(jī)來記錄志愿者看每一張圖片時(shí)大腦的活動(dòng)。顯示這一活動(dòng)時(shí)，不同物體會(huì)使志愿者大腦的不同區(qū)域在掃描時(shí)亮度增加�？茖W(xué)家利用此信息來建立一種模式去預(yù)測大腦對(duì)所看到事物可能如何反映。
在第二個(gè)測試中，科學(xué)家讓志愿者看120個(gè)新圖像。和以前一樣，他們每看一張新圖像時(shí)大腦都被掃描一次。這次，科學(xué)家用他們的模式來比較FMRI掃描的圖像。例如，如果圖像在第二次測試顯示相同的形式的大腦活動(dòng)，同時(shí)，該腦活動(dòng)與在第一次測試中蘋果圖片有大關(guān)聯(lián)，那么這個(gè)模式可能會(huì)預(yù)測出志愿者們正在看一些蘋果。
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