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2014年GRE考試閱讀復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
對GRE閱讀�？伎键c(diǎn)的熟悉程度
俗化說，知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)百勝。要想迅速攻克GRE閱讀難關(guān)，就要了解出題者的思維。根據(jù)題目反 推原文考點(diǎn)，題目都考了原文哪些內(nèi)容，自己有沒有關(guān)注到這些內(nèi)容并做標(biāo)記，這些內(nèi)容都有什么可總結(jié)的規(guī)律、特征詞。這樣總結(jié)非常重要，如果堅(jiān)持下去，很短一段時(shí)間后，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些固定的原文出題點(diǎn)，日后再讀原文的時(shí)候也就會(huì)自然而然地關(guān)注它們了。
對GRE閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握
文章結(jié)構(gòu)是做閱讀題整體思路的關(guān)鍵。掌握了文章結(jié)構(gòu)就知道文章大體的行文脈絡(luò)，文章的大體意思也差不多了。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)類型以及標(biāo)志詞，以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)類型和主旨題之間的關(guān)系，仔細(xì)分析一道主旨題的正確答案是怎么闡述原文篇章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)的，其實(shí)這個(gè)正確答案就是文章的中心句的改寫形式，最重要的就是找出原文中的中心句，這是幫助讀者更深刻地理解原文結(jié)構(gòu)的有效辦法。
對GRE閱讀錯(cuò)誤題的總結(jié)分析
分析錯(cuò)題，做錯(cuò)的題一定不能放過，看它們與正確答案之間的差別在哪里，在分析錯(cuò)題的同時(shí)更要關(guān)注正確答案與原文定位處的敘述之間的改寫關(guān)系，尤其是詞與詞的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)然除了這三點(diǎn)外還有很多可以總結(jié)的，比如詞匯、難句等，總結(jié)是提高的關(guān)鍵，特別是在GRE的閱讀中，只有多總結(jié)，從總結(jié)中不段進(jìn)步，不段提高，這樣我們的閱讀水平才會(huì)得到提高。
新觀點(diǎn)特征：對同一主體給出不同的解釋。
范文例文節(jié)選：
Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional service firms (for example, firms providing advertising, accounting, or health care services) have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. …….an unconditional guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the ……..
However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that fail……..
范文例文點(diǎn)評：
第一段說“無條件質(zhì)量保證很有效” 而第二段首句說“無條件質(zhì)量保證有時(shí)會(huì)阻礙營銷活動(dòng)”針對同一個(gè)“無條件質(zhì)量保證”給出了截然相反的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。
補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：
請讀者看以下文章，試著看出文中的新老觀點(diǎn)并且能夠通過總結(jié)段意來研究一下每一段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious.
Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price- cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.
Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states.These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace.Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price-fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development.There is no indication that they have.
Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970’s, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.
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