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2014雅思語法講義精選
一、名詞性從句
概念：在一個英語句子當(dāng)中，特定的成份必須用名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩種：名詞和名詞從句。名詞從句就是語法功能相當(dāng)于名詞或名詞短語的從句。簡而言之,它是一種用從句來代替名詞的句型。
考生常見問題: 缺乏“名詞意識”.
1. (1). Save money is beneficial for one’s life after retirement. ( )
(2). There are more and more young criminals in the society has drawn the attention of media. ( )
2. Some people believe that mobile phones have taken the place of write letters. ( )
l 名詞性從句重點句型
1. What從句
(寫作) 通過打工，我們獲得的不僅僅是工作經(jīng)驗。它同樣能幫助我們把在學(xué)校里學(xué)到的東西運用到實踐當(dāng)中。
2. that 從句
(寫作) 新東方能夠培養(yǎng)出
3. 主語從句的變形
由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在實際使用中that從句一般由it做形式主語。
That practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) is known to us. (Rare)
It is known to us/widely accepted that practice makes perfect. (Common)
Tip: 在英語當(dāng)中表示“據(jù)……”的句型一般都用It is + 過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的主語從句(一般表示某種情況。)
據(jù)估計: It is estimated that …… 據(jù)報道: It is reported that …….
從圖表當(dāng)中我們可以看到: It could be noted from the graph that……
表示 “做……是重要/必要的”的時候, 主語從句必須用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原型).
It is important/essential/vital/necessary that sb/sth (should) do sth
在我看來,政府向老年人提供經(jīng)濟援助至關(guān)重要.
4. 由疑問詞(how, when, where, whether, why, who)等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
考生常見問題：
(寫作) 很多人根本不明白存錢的目的何在.
Many people don’t know what is the purpose of save money. ( )
5. 賓語從句：
注意事項1：當(dāng)主句的謂語是think, believe等時，如果后面跟的賓語從句要表示否定意思，則把謂語動詞think, believe變成否定形式，賓語從句為肯定句形式。
例句： 我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該允許大學(xué)生結(jié)婚。
I think we should not allow college students to get married. ( )
Tip2：It作形式賓語的情況。
有時可以用it來代替賓語從句作形式賓語，而將賓語從句放到句子后半部分。
(寫作) 有些人認(rèn)為我們花那么多錢在環(huán)保上面根本就是浪費時間。
Some people think that we spend so much money on environmental protection is simply waste of time. ( )
6. 表語從句：
什么是表語-跟在be動詞后面的成份。如I am a student當(dāng)中I是主語，am a student加在一起是謂語，而be動詞am后面的a student就是表語。
考生常見問題:
(寫作) The major reason why animals are facing the extinction is because people have paid little attention to the problem. ( )
練習(xí)
1. 一個人的實際能力才是企業(yè)所真正看重的。
2. 我認(rèn)為我們發(fā)明一種新的語言來取代英語是沒有必要的.
3. 然而，關(guān)于它是一件好事還是壞事，人們有不同的態(tài)度。
4. 很多國家的失業(yè)率在不斷攀升這一事實是我們無法否認(rèn)的。
5. 在給出我的觀點之前，我認(rèn)為看一看問題的兩面是很重要的。
6. 不同的人們對于全球化是否有利于經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展這個問題持有不同的看法.
7. 令人感到遺憾的是大多數(shù)人所在乎的僅僅就只是他們怎么樣才能更多地賺到錢。
8. 隨著越來越多的婦女參與全職工作，由誰來照顧孩子已經(jīng)成為了社會上的一個問題。
二.定語從句
1.概念
用一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子作定語(定語的兩種形式adj+n/n+定語從句)，修飾前面的名詞，代詞，短語，甚至是整個句子的從句。簡單來說就是把從句放在某個單詞/詞組/句子后面來對其進(jìn)行修飾。
兩個首先必須明確的概念： 先行詞和關(guān)系詞
Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon movie (先行詞) that/which (關(guān)系詞) I have watched this year.
(閱讀) There has been a significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce in Australia.
3.分類
定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩大類。
限制性定語從句： England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas (哥白尼學(xué)說) with enthusiasm.
(閱讀) One new keyboard included keys which produced letters which frequently occur together in English, like –ing and –th and –ed, so the word “thing” would take two strokes to write instead of five.
非限制性定語從句： Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism(磁力).
(閱讀) It is very likely that the key board, which we have used for over a century, will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation (聽寫) as we speak to them.
Tip: 在雅思閱讀中，遇到__________________定語從句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。
定語從句和先行詞之間有沒有逗號，會直接決定句子意思的不同。試比較以下兩個句子意思的不同：
1. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves which are too small individually to consider.
2. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves, which are too small individually to consider.
(寫作)不少人認(rèn)為如今被人們廣泛使用的電腦未來總有一天將會徹底取代電視機。
Quite a number of people believe that televisions will be replaced by computers___
4. 常見關(guān)系詞 which, that, where, when, who, whom, whose
單元練習(xí)：
(寫作) 環(huán)境保護(hù)是一個如今為人們廣為討論的一個話題。
(寫作) 有的孩子從來不做家務(wù)，這使得他們越來越依賴他們的父母。
(口語) 我計劃于2010年回國，到那時候我將年滿30歲。
三.狀語從句
1.目的狀語從句高分句型
目的狀語從句的連接詞包括so that, in order that, in case, lest。
雅思實例：
(閱讀) In 1986 the International Olympic Committee changed the schedule so that the summer and winter games would be held in different years.
(閱讀) However, no matter which lifestyle do people choose, the chosen one should be insisted lest our biological clock might get confused.
(寫作) 我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該鼓勵老人住養(yǎng)老院(nursing house)，這樣才能受到專業(yè)的照顧。
I think senior citizens should be encouraged to live in a nursing house ___________
2. 結(jié)果狀語從句高分句型
結(jié)果狀語從句的連接詞包括so…that…，such…that…等。
such + a+ adj + n 與 so + adj + a + n句型的互換
例句： (口語) My brother is such a forgetful person that he is always forgetting something important.
My brother is so forgetful a person that he is always forgetting something important.
(口語) How did you come here this morning?
我早上是坐地鐵一號線來的。地鐵一號線巨擠無比，我每次坐都幾乎無法呼吸。
I came here by metro line one in the morning. ___________________________________
結(jié)果狀語從句的倒裝
So…that等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有時為了強調(diào)，加強語氣，還可以倒裝。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：so引導(dǎo)的表語/狀語(adj/adv)+be動詞/助動詞+剩余部分
(寫作) The power of technologies is so great that they have changed our way of life, more or less.
(口語) So fast does our society change that we sometimes simply have no idea what it will be like tomorrow.
3. 讓步狀語從句高分句型
讓步狀語從句的連接詞包括：Although, though, in spite of (高分句型), even though (even if), no matter。
讓步狀語從句的倒裝
結(jié)構(gòu): adj/adv/n+though/as+主語+謂語動詞
(1). Before: It may sound simple to solve the problem, actually it involves many obstacles.
After:_________________________________________________________________________
(2). Before: Although we have tried hard, there is no clear sign that this problem will be settled soon.
After:_____________________________________________ , there is no clear sign that this problem will be settled soon.
(3) 盡管如今養(yǎng)寵物很普遍，我仍然認(rèn)為這會帶來很多問題。
_______________________________ ________________, I still hold that it would bring a lot of problems.
4. 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句的連接詞: than, as
比較狀語從句常見錯誤：比較對象不一致
(圖表作文) 在2003年，政府用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的資金是2002年的兩倍。
錯誤例句： In 2003, the fund the government spent on infrastructure was twice as much as 2002.
正確例句：In 2003, the fund the government spent on infrastructure was twice as much as ____________.
5. 高分狀語從句句型-with引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語
結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 (總) + with + n + doing sth (具體對象)
(圖表作文) 從1990年到2000年，該數(shù)值持續(xù)增長，而其中又以1998年增幅最大。
The figure has been increasing from 1990 to 2000, with 1998 seeing the most evident rise.
(寫作) 孩子的成長會受到眾多因素的影響,而其中又以父母扮演的角色最為關(guān)鍵.
Children’s growth is affected by many factors, _________________________________
(寫作) 媒體對于名人私生活的過份報導(dǎo)已經(jīng)釀成了不少的悲劇,而其中又以黛安娜王妃的例子最為典型.
Media’s over reporting of celebrities’ private lives has resulted in quite a number of tragedies, ________________________
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