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2017雅思語法講義要點匯總

　　一、名詞性從句

2017雅思語法講義要點匯總

　　概念：在一個英語句子當(dāng)中，特定的成份必須用名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩種：名詞和名詞從句。名詞從句就是語法功能相當(dāng)于名詞或名詞短語的從句。簡而言之,它是一種用從句來代替名詞的句型。

　　考生常見問題: 缺乏“名詞意識”.

　　1. (1). Save money is beneficial for one’s life after retirement. (　)

　　(2). There are more and more young criminals in the society has drawn the attention of media. (　)

　　2. Some people believe that mobile phones have taken the place of write letters. (　)

　　l 名詞性從句重點句型

　　1. What從句

　　(寫作) 通過打工，我們獲得的不僅僅是工作經(jīng)驗。它同樣能幫助我們把在學(xué)校里學(xué)到的東西運用到實踐當(dāng)中。

　　2. that 從句

　　(寫作) 新東方能夠培養(yǎng)出

　　3. 主語從句的變形

　　由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在實際使用中that從句一般由it做形式主語。

　　That practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) is known to us. (Rare)

　　It is known to us/widely accepted that practice makes perfect. (Common)

　　Tip: 在英語當(dāng)中表示“據(jù)……”的句型一般都用It is + 過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的主語從句(一般表示某種情況。)

　　據(jù)估計: It is estimated that …… 據(jù)報道: It is reported that ……

　　從圖表當(dāng)中我們可以看到: It could be noted from the graph that……

　　二、定語從句

　　1.概念

　　用一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子作定語(定語的兩種形式adj+n/n+定語從句)，修飾前面的名詞，代詞，短語，甚至是整個句子的從句。簡單來說就是把從句放在某個單詞/詞組/句子后面來對其進(jìn)行修飾。

　　兩個首先必須明確的概念：先行詞和關(guān)系詞

　　Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon movie (先行詞) that/which (關(guān)系詞) I have watched this year.

　　(閱讀) There has been a significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce in Australia.

　　3.分類

　　定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩大類。

　　限制性定語從句： England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas (哥白尼學(xué)說) with enthusiasm.

　　(閱讀) One new keyboard included keys which produced letters which frequently occur together in English, like –ing and –th and –ed, so the word “thing” would take two strokes to write instead of five.

　　非限制性定語從句： Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism(磁力).

　　(閱讀) It is very likely that the key board, which we have used for over a century, will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation (聽寫) as we speak to them.

　　Tip: 在雅思閱讀中，遇到__________________定語從句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。

　　定語從句和先行詞之間有沒有逗號，會直接決定句子意思的不同。試比較以下兩個句子意思的不同：

　　1. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves which are too small individually to consider.

　　2. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves, which are too small individually to consider.

　　(寫作)不少人認(rèn)為如今被人們廣泛使用的電腦未來總有一天將會徹底取代電視機(jī)。

　　Quite a number of people believe that televisions will be replaced by computers___

　　四. 常見關(guān)系詞　which, that, where, when, who, whom, whose

　　單元練習(xí)：

　　(寫作) 環(huán)境保護(hù)是一個如今為人們廣為討論的一個話題。

　　(寫作) 有的孩子從來不做家務(wù)，這使得他們越來越依賴他們的父母。

　　(口語) 我計劃于2010年回國，到那時候我將年滿30歲。

　　表示 “做……是重要/必要的”的時候, 主語從句必須用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原型).