- 相關(guān)推薦
2018專八閱讀理解練習(xí)題《科技》
科技司現(xiàn)當(dāng)代的熱門話題之一，屬于時代性的話題，科技是英語考試經(jīng)常涉及的內(nèi)容，考生要特別留意這方面的內(nèi)容。下面小編就為大家送上一篇相關(guān)的2018專八閱讀理解練習(xí)題。
To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally.A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology;they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(變得混亂) and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades. and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do.There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the struccure of American fife, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. n is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
1. A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it_____________.
A) is used both as a cultural and a physical object
B) serves different purposes equally well
C) is utilized by man
D) can be of use co both man and animal
2. The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that_________________.
A) if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our world
B) technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it
C) technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man
D) being a human creation. technology is liable to error
3. According to the author. the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because__________________.
A) the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind
B) the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before
C) it has helped to switch to an information technology
D) it has a great potential impact on society
4. By using the phrase "the human quality of technology" (Line 7, Para. 2), the author refersto the fact that technology_______________.
A) has a great impact on human life
B) has some characteristics of human nature
C) can replace some aspects of the human mind
D) does not exist in the natural world
5. The passage is based on the author's_______________.
A) keen insight into the nature of technology
B) prejudiced criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution
C) cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers
D) exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology
答案：
1.長矛和機(jī)器人只有在什么時候才有技術(shù)含量?
A)它們被用作文化和物理實(shí)體的時候。
B)它們能同樣滿足不同的需要的時候。
C)它們被人類所利用的時候。
D)它們可以被人類和動物所利用的時候。
[C]第2段第3句提到，除非人們用矛去捕獲獵物或用機(jī)器人去生產(chǎn)機(jī)器零件，否則二者都只不過是硬梆梆的物體而已。也就是說只有這些東西為人類所用的時候，它們才具有科技含量，C正確。其他選項(xiàng)利用原文個別信息，胡亂拼湊而成，不符題意。
2.作者引述了挑戰(zhàn)者和切諾比的例子是為了論證_________________。
A)如果技術(shù)沒有經(jīng)過嚴(yán)密的檢查，就告被用來摧毀我們的世界
B)技術(shù)是人類創(chuàng)造出來的，所以我們應(yīng)該對它們負(fù)責(zé)
C)技術(shù)如果不受人類控制的話通常會出問題
D)技術(shù)是人類創(chuàng)造出來的，容易出錯
[D]根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the Challenger and Chernobyl查找到第2段第5句。該句提到，美國挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機(jī)的爆炸以及俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核泄露事件徹底暴露了技術(shù)的人為性特征。也就是說技術(shù)是人為創(chuàng)造出來的，容易出問題,D正確。B雖然文中有所提及，卻不是作者舉例要說明的問題，A.C在原文中找不到依據(jù)。
3.作者認(rèn)為，電腦的引入是一種革命，主要的原因是____。
A)電腦大大改變了人類的工作
B)電腦現(xiàn)在可以做以前只能由人來做的工作
C)電腦幫助促成了信息技術(shù)
D)電腦對社會有很大的潛在影響力
[D]第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到，工業(yè)革命之所以是一場革命，原因不在于機(jī)器的革新，主要原因是工業(yè)革命引發(fā)了巨大的社會變化，因此D正確。其他三個選項(xiàng)為這一變化的某一具體表現(xiàn)，不夠全面，因此排除。
4.作者使用了“技術(shù)的人為性”(第2段第7行)，指的是技術(shù)____。
A)能對人類生活產(chǎn)生很大的影響
B)有著一些人性的特點(diǎn)
C)可以取代人類思維的某些方面
D)在自然世界中不存在
[B]根據(jù)題干查找到第2段，本詞組所在句以兩個技術(shù)事件說明技術(shù)的人為性特征，即技術(shù)同人性一樣，存在弱點(diǎn)，B正確。
5.文章是建立在作者_(dá)___的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
A)對于技術(shù)本質(zhì)的精辟洞察力
B)對于工業(yè)革命作用帶有偏見的批判
C)對干人類思維被電腦取代的謹(jǐn)慎分析
D)對技術(shù)的負(fù)面影響的夸張描述
[A]本題可用排除法。B中的“批判”，C中的“人類思維被電腦取代”在原文找不到作者的相關(guān)觀點(diǎn);雖然文中提及科技帶來負(fù)面的東西，卻沒有對技術(shù)的負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行夸大的描述，此三項(xiàng)均可排除，A正確。
附：如何做專八閱讀閱讀理解題
1.認(rèn)真審題，找出文中根據(jù)
首先要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地看清題干和四個選擇項(xiàng)，尤其要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1) 有時候題干會出現(xiàn)這樣的問句：
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The following statements are true EXCEPT .
在這里，要特別注意這個not，是問你“不正確的，錯誤的”選項(xiàng)，即哪一項(xiàng)是不符合原文內(nèi)容的。類似否定式提問往往造成考生的誤看，所以要特別留意這樣的題型。
(2) 從出題角度看，有的試題四個選項(xiàng)的文字用得極其相似，有時甚至只相差一個單詞，很容易造成視覺干擾，使考生一下子難以辨認(rèn)真?zhèn)�。因此考生要特別注意四個選項(xiàng)之間的細(xì)微區(qū)別。
(3) 一定要將四個選擇項(xiàng)全部看完，在考生認(rèn)為前一兩個選擇項(xiàng)正確的時候，往往不再注意后面選項(xiàng)，這樣很容易出錯，尤其在前面選項(xiàng)碰巧是干擾項(xiàng)的時候。
另外，在文中尋找試題答案時，可以把與試題有關(guān)的詞、句、語段劃出來，分別標(biāo)上試題的序號，然后對照研讀，做出判斷。這樣有利于縮小攝取有效信息的范圍，做到有根有據(jù)，便于判斷和復(fù)查驗(yàn)證，提高答題正確率。這是個在平時操練時十分有用的方法，但在真實(shí)考試當(dāng)中，要根據(jù)時間來定是否采取此法。
2. 注意觀察問題的類型
了解試題的種類，有助于正確理解試題的要求，以便采用相應(yīng)的閱讀方法，更快速、準(zhǔn)確地將答案定位。
閱讀理解題的種類概括起來不外乎下面幾種：
(1) 細(xì)節(jié)題——根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、信息進(jìn)行提問。
譬如以what, which, when, where, why等開頭的問題。其他常用的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： According to the passage, ... /The story tells us that ... 等。
(2) 主旨題——詢問有關(guān)文章主要內(nèi)容、中心大意、作品基調(diào)、作者態(tài)度、目的。
譬如： “What does the passage mainly discuss?”/“Which of the following is the more appropriate title for the passage?”等。
(3) 推理題——要求考生就已獲得的信息進(jìn)行推理，得出原文字面上未出現(xiàn)的答案。
常見的問題有 “Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about ...”/“ What does the passage imply?”/“ The main purpose of this passage is to ...”等。
(4) 指代題——用于測試考生對具體詞義或指代關(guān)系的識別能力。
其題類經(jīng)常為： “The word ‘attribute’ in line 6 means ...”/“What does the underlined phrase in line 38 refer to?”
(5) 評價題——用于測試考生對文章風(fēng)格、寫作手法等的分析能力。
譬如： “What kind of writing technique does the writer use in the passage to ... ?”/“What are the ways the writer uses to create the gloomy impression in the passage?”等。
【專八閱讀理解練習(xí)題《科技》】相關(guān)文章：
專四英語考試閱讀理解練習(xí)題10-29
專八英語閱讀理解題及答案詳解09-01
語文閱讀理解練習(xí)題02-06
2022年專八閱讀理解題型分析與應(yīng)試技巧09-22
英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案10-31
小升初英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案06-09