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2015年自學(xué)考試英語二模擬題
I. Vocabulary and Structure
1. One way to preserve species ______ threat of extinction is to remove them to zoos and parks.
A. in B. on C. under D. with
2. Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was ______ to .
A. meant B. regarding C. investigation D. referring
3. I was surprised to find that the computer could _____ a vast number of different tasks.
A. perform B. create C. display D. explain
4. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes ______ we organize and produce information.
A. in a way B. in the way C. in that way D. in no way
5. The French pianist who had been praised very highly _____ to be a great disappointment.
A. turned up B. turned out C. turned in D. turned down
6. It was difficult to guess what her ________ to the news would be.
A. impression B. reaction C. comment D. opinion
7. ______ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
8. Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A. what B. which C. that D. whose
9. The robots used in nuclear power plants can prevent human personnel from being ______ to radiation.
A. released B. disclosed C. revealed D. exposed
10.________, they began to get down to business.
A. The holidays are over B. The holidays were over
C. The holidays being over D. The holidays had been over
II. Cloze Test
American business is based on the profit motive. So make no mistake. The company you work 11 will have some method of measuring employee productivity. Your future there will depend on 12 you rate.
Productivity is relatively easy to measure in some cases. 13 a college student, your overall productivity was measured by your grade point average. Hourly workers, 14 assembly line operators, are usually measured by the 15 of items produced in a given amount of time. Measuring the productivity of some service and management personnel is 16 difficult because of the many factors to be considered.
New employees are 17 expected to perform at their maximum potential. A break – in period is allowed, 18 can be several weeks, depending on the job. By the time of your first performance evaluation, you should 19 average productivity. Then you should try to reach your 20 .
11. A. for B. out C. to D. on
12. A. what B. how C. where D. when
13. A. For B. with C. To D. As
14. A. except for B. such as C. in addition to D. as well as
15. A. quality B. figure C. sum D. whole
16. A. more B. less C. the same D. similarly
17. A. never B. rarely C. often D. always
18. A. it B. that C. which D. what
19. A. reach B. have reached C. be reaching D. be reached
20. A. destination B. objective C. potential D. conclusion
III. Reading Comprehension
Passage One
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll (死亡人數(shù) ) could have been much worse.
More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook American in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 A.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.
Despite the good news, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints(藍(lán)圖 ) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.
In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground .The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.
The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
21. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _______.
A. new computers had been installed in the buildings
B. it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways
C. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
D. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
22. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to ________.
A. counterbalance an earthquake’s action on the building
B. predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy
C. help strengthen the foundation of the building
D. measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations
23. The smart buildings discussed in the passage _______.
A. would cause serious financial problems
B. would be worthwhile though costly
C. would increase the complexity of architectural design
D. can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes
24. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _______.
A. the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction
B. the development of flexible building materials
C. reduction of the impact of ground vibrations
D. early forecasts of earthquakes
25. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to _____.
A. compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S.
B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers
C. outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building
D. report new development in constructing quake-resistant buildings
Passage Two
The advantage and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports , roads, and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.
One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources , it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
26. A small population may mean _________.
A. higher productivity , but a lower average income
B. lower productivity, but a higher average income
C. lower productivity and a lower average income
D. higher productivity and a higher average income
27. According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing _______.
A. agriculture B. transport system
C. industry D. national economy
28. In a developed country , people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate ________.
A. goes up B. goes down
C. remains stable D. is out of control
29. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for _________.
A. a developing nation B. a developed nation
C. every nation with a big population D. every nation with a small population
30. It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because ______.
A. there are too many underdeveloped countries in the world
B. underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development
C. different governments have different views of the question
D. even developed countries may have complex problems
Passage Three
Brazil has become one of the developing world' s great successes at reducing population growth—but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.
Brazil' s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990,'and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗電視連續(xù)劇) and installment (分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world' s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil' s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.
Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values—not many children, different attitudes towards sex, woman working," says Martine. "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package."
Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction , says Martine.
31. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ____.
A) by chance C) by educating its citizens
B) by careful family planning D) by developing TV programmes
32. According to the passage, many Third World countries ____.
A) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning
B) haven't attached much importance to birth control
C) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate
D) haven' t yet found an effective measure to control their population
33. The phrase "puts it down to"(Line 1, Para.3)is closest in meaning to"_____".
A) compares it to C) attributes it to
B) finds it a reason for D) sums it up as
34. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil s birth rate because ____.
A) they have gradually changed people's way of life
B) they keep people sitting long hours watching TV
C) people are drawn to their attractive package
D) they popularize birth control measures
35. What is Marline' s conclusion about Brazil' s population growth?
A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.
B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.
C) A country's production is limited by its population growth.
D) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.
IV. Word Spelling
36. 投資 n. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37. 描述 v. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _
38. 古代的 a. a_ _ _ _ _ _ 39. 聚焦 v. f_ _ _ _
40. 戰(zhàn)略 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41. 卷入 v. i_ _ _ _ _ _
42. 被提名人 n. n_ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 代表人，代表 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
44. 分析 v. a_ _ _ _ _ _ 45. 癥狀 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _
46. 倒塌 v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47. 密度 n. d_ _ _ _ _ _
48. 敏感的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
50. 剝削 v. e _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 忠誠 n. l_ _ _ _ _ _
52. 擊敗 v. d_ _ _ _ _ 53. 形象 n. i_ _ _ _
54. 客觀的 a. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55. 宗教 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _
V. Word Form
56. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you ______ (attain) them .
57. If ______(translate) word by word, the sentence will be meaningless.
58. The number of animals used in laboratory tests ______(decline) over the last 20 years.
59. Your suit needs ______(iron) .
60. These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the _____(pollute) air.
61. He has done much to increase the ______ (efficient) of English teaching in this country.
62. The moon is one of the ______(small) , and only looks big because it is so near to us.
63. I didn’t go to the party , but I do wish I _____(be) there.
64. I was in a hurry that day. Otherwise I _____(stop) to talk with you.
65. Dr. Johnson , together with his assistants, ______ (be) operating on the patient now.
VI. Translation from Chinese into English
66. 你知道什么東西在妨礙你實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)嗎?
67. 一件工作被算成是勞作還是工作取決于個(gè)人的喜好。
68. 安娜沒有通過考試的消息對她母親有些影響。
69. 現(xiàn)在的中國已經(jīng)不是過去的中國。
70. 他的話不切我們的話題。
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