考研英語段落翻譯有哪些考點(diǎn)
考研英語二的翻譯是段落翻譯,考生在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候,要掌握好學(xué)習(xí)的技巧。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語段落翻譯的考點(diǎn)知識,歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語段落翻譯的考點(diǎn)
翻譯的拆分點(diǎn)
例:It was fueled by low interest rates /and kept going by a false sense of security /created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy. (1.5分)
這個(gè)例句在15分的段落翻譯中占1.5分,具體的結(jié)構(gòu)劃分可從并列連詞,從屬連詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞以及介詞短語入手。這句話中有并列連詞“and”以及過去分詞“created”,因此劃分之后每個(gè)部分各占0.5分。
一、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)具有很好的區(qū)分度,所以每年都會(huì)考查。同學(xué)們在最后一個(gè)月一定要掌握分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯方法。
(1)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語的翻譯
現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞(與名詞有主謂關(guān)系),過去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞(與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語一般采用前置譯法,譯為“……的+中心詞”。
例:Business-to-business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers to private extranets.
譯文:B2B網(wǎng)站從提供簡單引導(dǎo)(的網(wǎng)站),到給各種各樣的買賣雙方提供復(fù)雜的市場服務(wù),再到連接私人的外聯(lián)網(wǎng)不等。
(2)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語的翻譯
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等邏輯關(guān)系。翻譯時(shí)一般譯成獨(dú)立的分句,并添加與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系詞。
例1:While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
譯文:當(dāng)這些計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)生大量二氧化碳的同時(shí),還釋放出了大量的熱量,因此數(shù)據(jù)中心又必須裝備很好的散熱設(shè)備,這就會(huì)消耗更多的能源。
例2:They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in new products their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.
譯文:他們擔(dān)心這會(huì)損害本國經(jīng)濟(jì),使他們失去急需的熟練勞動(dòng)者,這些人本可以留在國內(nèi)在大學(xué)任教,在醫(yī)院工作或設(shè)計(jì)新奇產(chǎn)品供工廠生產(chǎn)。
二、定語從句
翻譯定語從句時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)定語從句的長短來判定翻譯方法:
(1)當(dāng)定語從句較短時(shí):采用前置譯法,譯為“……的+中心詞”。
(2)當(dāng)定語從句較長時(shí):采用后置譯法,獨(dú)立翻譯成一個(gè)分句,關(guān)系代詞恢復(fù)為指示代詞或原主語,根據(jù)情況添加與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系詞。
例:Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes of averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.
譯文:金融監(jiān)管將不得不應(yīng)對這種最不負(fù)責(zé)任的并導(dǎo)致銀行損失慘重的做法,以期防止下一次危機(jī),而下一次危機(jī)很可能包括各種類型的金融技術(shù)和資產(chǎn)。
最后階段復(fù)習(xí)翻譯題型時(shí),一定將復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)放在高頻考點(diǎn)上,一定將自己的譯文寫出來,然后與參考譯文反復(fù)對照進(jìn)行修改,以提升翻譯的整體得分。
考研英語18個(gè)真題例句必背
▶2009年閱讀真題
Text3
1. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
譯文:毫無疑問,在這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域取得的進(jìn)步對于這些貧窮國家以及其他國家的社會(huì)、政治、智力發(fā)展都是必不可少的。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)成為促進(jìn)貧困國家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展首要考慮的因素之一,然而這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。
2. We are fortunate that is it, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.
譯文:我們很慶幸這種觀點(diǎn)錯(cuò)了,因?yàn)樵谶@些國家建立新的教育體制并通過這種體制培養(yǎng)足夠的人才來提高經(jīng)濟(jì)水平需要兩三代人的時(shí)間。
▶2010年閱讀真題
Text2
1. Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.
譯文:對商業(yè)方法專利申請的控制是一個(gè)突然的180度大轉(zhuǎn)變,因?yàn)檎锹?lián)邦巡回法院在1998年被稱為"道富銀行案"的決議中引入了這類專利,當(dāng)時(shí)法庭對一種"匯集各種公有基金資產(chǎn)"的方法授予了專利。
2. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.
譯文:這項(xiàng)裁決帶來了商業(yè)方法專利申請案卷的激增,起初是新興的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司試圖對特定類型的在線交易方法占得獨(dú)家權(quán)利。
Text3
1. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.
譯文:營銷人員已經(jīng)采納了這個(gè)兩級流動(dòng)理論,因?yàn)樵摾碚摫砻,他們只需找到有影響力人士就可以為他們完成大部分的工作?/p>
2. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.
譯文:而根據(jù)兩級流動(dòng)理論,恰恰是這些不是名人但具有影響力的人,通過直接影響他們的朋友和同事,推動(dòng)了社會(huì)流行潮。
3. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.
譯文:但是,一種社會(huì)流行潮要最終形成,每個(gè)受到有影響力影響的人都必須接著影響自己的熟人,繼而這些熟人必須再影響自己的熟人,如此循環(huán)不已;這些人中的每個(gè)人能得到多少關(guān)注與最初的有影響力人士并無多大關(guān)系。
▶2012年閱讀真題
Text3
1. In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.
譯文:在"科學(xué)研究如何開展"的理想化模式中,世界真相正等待著以科學(xué)的方法開展工作的研究者們?nèi)ビ^察和收集。
2. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
譯文:在科學(xué)界這個(gè)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中,研究者做出發(fā)現(xiàn);編輯和評審者控制發(fā)現(xiàn)的發(fā)表過程以扮演看門人的角色;其他科學(xué)家則使用這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)來滿足自己需要;最后,公眾(包括其他科學(xué)家)接受這個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)及其可能隨之而來的技術(shù)。
3. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.
譯文:不足為奇的是,貌似重要且令人信服的新發(fā)表的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明和可信發(fā)現(xiàn)總是面對后來研究者的質(zhì)疑、修改、甚至推翻。
▶2013年閱讀真題
Text 2
1. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
譯文:在過去幾周里,一場爭論說明了這種精細(xì)的信息對于廣告商的價(jià)值:廣告商是否可以認(rèn)為用戶愿意被跟蹤并接收行為廣告?還是說廣告商應(yīng)該獲得用戶的明確許可?
2. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.
譯文:DNT似乎并不是微軟Windows 8系統(tǒng)的最大賣點(diǎn),盡管微軟的其他產(chǎn)品在這一方面優(yōu)于谷歌。
▶2014年閱讀真題
Text4
1. The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.
譯文:美國人文與科學(xué)院(AAAS)剛剛發(fā)布的研究報(bào)告《問題的核心》值得稱贊,因?yàn)槠淇隙巳宋膶W(xué)科和社會(huì)科學(xué)對鞏固和繁榮美國自由民主的重要性。
2. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
譯文:為了激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新和競爭,該報(bào)告呼吁增加科研收入,精心設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)理清晰的課程,以提高學(xué)生在21世紀(jì)解決問題的能力和有效溝通的能力,呼吁增加對教師的投入,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)者應(yīng)用他們的研究來應(yīng)對如今的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。
▶2015年閱讀真題
Text2
1. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.
譯文:之前的設(shè)想是當(dāng)局在逮捕嫌犯時(shí)可以搜查其財(cái)物,而加州請求大法官要避免做出全面性的裁決,尤其不能推翻之前的設(shè)想。
2. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.
譯文:當(dāng)面對嚴(yán)重的、緊急的情況時(shí),他們甚至還可以不受第四條修正案保護(hù)條款的約束,并且他們在搜查令還未獲準(zhǔn)的情況下,也能采取合理的措施以確保手機(jī)里的數(shù)據(jù)不被刪改。
Text4
1. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,she thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .
譯文:她認(rèn)為,同樣道德目的的缺失傷害到了像新聞國際這樣的公司,使其更有可能像過去一樣因大范圍非法竊聽電話而迷失方向。
2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.
譯文:其中讓人吃驚的真相之一是麗貝卡·布魯克斯竟然對于發(fā)生在她新聞工作室的事情知之甚少,她竟然幾乎未加以過問,實(shí)際上她從不詢問這些新聞報(bào)道的來源。
考研英語閱讀的重要提醒
▶提醒一:一個(gè)中心,牢記心中
做閱讀題時(shí)要從整體把握,閱讀每一段的中心句,找出這個(gè)中心句的關(guān)鍵詞。解題時(shí)要謹(jǐn)記文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意,其實(shí)閱讀理解考的就是這個(gè)"中心句"。
▶提醒二:按序出題,迅速定位
每一個(gè)問題在原文中都要有一個(gè)定位,而且命題人是按順序出題的。如果你認(rèn)為不是,很有可能就是你做錯(cuò)了。文章基本以5段為主(也有6段、7段的),要把握每段之間的關(guān)系。一般來說,一段一個(gè)題,只是一般來說哦。
▶提醒三:干擾設(shè)置,常規(guī)排除
1、原句重復(fù)出現(xiàn),一般為干擾項(xiàng)。正確的都是有改動(dòng)的,即同義替換、
2、選項(xiàng)中意思完全相反的2個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中之一是對的、
3、原文中很短、起過渡作用的句子出現(xiàn)在選擇中,一般是干擾項(xiàng)、
4、選項(xiàng)中的幾個(gè)單詞,是該段中不同句子里的單詞拼湊的,一般是干擾項(xiàng)、
5、對選項(xiàng)中的"重點(diǎn)詞"(即主語、賓語、修飾語)都要看清楚。有的時(shí)候,選項(xiàng)中,會(huì)對原文中本來正確的事做錯(cuò)誤的修改,來作為干擾項(xiàng)。你要注意的是,選項(xiàng)句子的主語(與原文)是否一致、賓語是否符合原文意思,或者用一些牽強(qiáng)的修飾詞,來做一些特殊的限定。要看清楚。這是干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)之一。
6、錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),往往是就文章某一方面而說的,其特點(diǎn)是:所涉及的,僅僅是某一個(gè)小問題,或者很具體,非常具體的一件實(shí)事。正確選項(xiàng)反應(yīng)的,往往是實(shí)質(zhì)的、根本的內(nèi)容。
7、選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)ONLY的,一般都為干擾項(xiàng)。
8、說明原因的,且僅僅是說明原因而已,一般是干擾項(xiàng)。
9、一定要注意,誰是用來修飾誰的。起修飾作用的詞或句子,來做選項(xiàng),一般是錯(cuò)的。被修飾的那部分來作選項(xiàng),一般是對的。
10、因果關(guān)系的題,很直接、很簡單的因果關(guān)系,直接排除。間接的因果,反映主旨的,可能是對的'。總之,因果關(guān)系的題,把握主旨就可以了。文中提到的直接因果,如具體的事或是什么的,都是干擾項(xiàng)。
11、干擾項(xiàng)有時(shí)出現(xiàn)的生詞(可能是你不認(rèn)識的),是與文章主題無關(guān)的詞,而非同義替換。
12、就一般而言,some people表作者不認(rèn)同的觀點(diǎn),few people表作者的觀點(diǎn)。
13、任何題型排除2個(gè)選項(xiàng)以后,選出和文章主旨相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)即可。
▶提醒四:考查態(tài)度,詞匯必背
有時(shí)候每段的第一句話,僅僅是一個(gè)表述。而在第2或3句以后,會(huì)出現(xiàn)對比或者轉(zhuǎn)折。一般來說,轉(zhuǎn)折后面的是作者的態(tài)度。你要注意的是,作者對什么進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。那個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞一定要找出來。
某人說過的話,有時(shí)并不是題眼,但可以從側(cè)面或某個(gè)角度來反映作者的觀點(diǎn),也就是作者想表達(dá)的。正確答案都是和這樣的觀點(diǎn)相一致的。要把握關(guān)鍵詞,有感情色彩的詞。
表示作者態(tài)度的詞:
(一)常作為正確答案的態(tài)度詞匯:
1、表肯定態(tài)度:
positive adj.肯定的,實(shí)際的,積極的,確實(shí)的 favorable adj.贊成的,有利的,贊許的,良好的
approval n.贊成,承認(rèn),正式批準(zhǔn) enthusiasm n.狂熱,熱心,積極性
supportive adj.支持的,支援的 defensive為……而辯護(hù)
2、表積極的態(tài)度:
objective客觀的 concerned關(guān)注的
confident adj.自信的,確信的 interested adj.感興趣的,有成見的,有權(quán)益的
optimistic adj.樂觀的 positive正面的
impressive adj.給人深刻印象的,感人的
3、表否定態(tài)度:
negative adj.否定的,消極的,負(fù)的,陰性的 disapproval不贊成
objection異議 opposition反對
critical批評的 criticism批評批判
disgust vi.令人厭惡,令人反感vt.使作嘔 detestation n.憎惡,厭惡的人,嫌惡
indignation憤慨 contempt n.輕視,輕蔑,恥辱,不尊敬
compromising n.妥協(xié),折衷v.妥協(xié),折衷 worried adj.悶悶不樂的,焦慮的
4、表懷疑態(tài)度:
suspicion n.猜疑,懷疑 suspicious adj.(~of)可疑的,懷疑的
doubt v.懷疑 doubtful adj.可疑的,不確的,疑心的
question v.懷疑 puzzling adj.使迷惑的,使莫明其妙的
5、表中立態(tài)度:
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的 neutral adj.中立的
impersonal adj.非個(gè)人的 factual adj.事實(shí)的,實(shí)際的,根據(jù)事實(shí)的
detached不含個(gè)人偏見的
(二)不太可能選為正確答案的態(tài)度詞匯:
subjective adj.主觀的,個(gè)人的 indifference n.不關(guān)心
tolerance n.寬容,容忍,忍受 pessimism n.悲觀,悲觀主義
gloomy adj.黑暗的,陰沉的,令人沮喪的,陰郁的 optimistic adj.樂觀的
sensitive有感覺的,敏感[銳]的,易受傷害的 scared adj.恐懼的
reserved adj.保留的,包租的
radical adj.激進(jìn)的
ironic adj.說反話的,諷刺的
confused adj.困惑的,煩惱的 amazed adj.吃驚的,驚奇的
concerned adj.關(guān)心的,有關(guān)的 apprehensive adj.擔(dān)憂,擔(dān)心
mixed喜憂參半 biased有偏見的
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