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英語后綴添加規(guī)則
導(dǎo)語:后綴是一種重要的構(gòu)詞法,通過后綴常?梢耘袛喑鲆粋(gè)詞的詞性。下面由YJBYS小編告訴大家英語后綴添加規(guī)則,歡迎參考!
The endings -able, -ion, -er, -or, -ance, -ence, -ous, -ish, and -al are generally used to form adjectives and nouns. Here are some guidelines about how they affect the spelling of the word to which they're added:
-able, -ion, -er, -or, -ance, -ence, -ous, -ish, 和-al常常充當(dāng)名詞和形容詞的后綴。以下這些規(guī)則指出了后綴對(duì)單詞的影響:
When you're adding one of these endings to a word that ends with a consonant, the spelling is often straightforward:
當(dāng)原本的詞匯是以輔音結(jié)尾,一般直接添加后綴。
Adapt(vi. 適應(yīng)), adaptable(adj. 適合的;能適應(yīng)的;可修改的)
Addict(vt. 使沉溺;使上癮), addiction(n. 上癮,沉溺;癖嗜)
Mountain(n. 山;山脈), mountainous(adj. 多山的;巨大的;山一般的)
Black(n. 黑色;黑人;黑顏料), blackish(adj. 帶黑色的)
If you add one of the endings to a word that ends in an e that isn't pronounced, drop this final e:
如果單詞結(jié)尾有不發(fā)音的e,則去掉結(jié)尾的e再加后綴:
Inflate(vt. 使充氣;使通貨膨脹), inflation(n. 膨脹;通貨膨脹;夸張;自命不凡)
advise(vt. 建議;勸告,忠告;通知;警告), advisable(adj. 明智的,可取的,適當(dāng)?shù)?
dance(n. 舞蹈;舞會(huì);舞曲), dancer(n. 舞蹈家;舞蹈演員;舞女;跳舞者)
The exceptions to this rule are words that end with a ‘soft’ce or ge sound:
這條規(guī)則在以ge、ce結(jié)尾時(shí)例外,不去掉結(jié)尾的e:
Notice(n. 通知,布告;注意;公告), noticeable(adj. 顯而易見的,顯著的;值得注意的)
Courage(n. 勇氣;膽量), courageous(adj. 有膽量的,勇敢的)
Advantage(n. 優(yōu)勢(shì);利益;有利條件), advantageous(adj. 有利的;有益的)
When you add one of these endings to verbs ending in a vowel plus l, you need to double the l:
當(dāng)單詞以l結(jié)尾,需要雙寫l+后綴
Counsel(n. 法律顧問;忠告;商議;討論;決策), counsellor(n. 顧問;參贊;輔導(dǎo)員(等于counselor);律師;法律顧問)
Excel(vt. 超過;擅長(zhǎng)), excellent(adj. 卓越的;極好的;杰出的)
Double the final consonant when adding these endings to verbs that end with a single vowel plus a consonant, when the stress is at the end of the verb:
當(dāng)單詞以單個(gè)元音+輔音結(jié)尾,并且重音在單詞末尾,雙寫末尾的輔音再加后綴:
Refer(vt. 涉及;委托;歸諸于;使…求助于), referral(n. n. 參照;提及;被推舉的人;轉(zhuǎn)診病人)
Begin(vt. 開始), beginning(n. 開始;起點(diǎn))
Forget(vt. 忘記;忽略), forgettable(adj. 可忘記的;容易被忘的)
Don't double the final consonant, if the word ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, and the stress is not at the end of the word:
當(dāng)單詞以單個(gè)元音+輔音結(jié)尾,并且重音不在單詞末尾,不要雙寫末尾的輔音,直接加后綴:
Visit(n. 訪問;參觀;逗留), visitor(n. 訪問者,參觀者;視察者;候鳥)
Common(n. 普通;平民;公有地), commoner(n. 平民;自費(fèi)學(xué)生;下議院議員)
If the word only has one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, double the final consonant:
如果這個(gè)詞是單音節(jié)詞,且以單個(gè)元音+輔結(jié)尾音,雙寫最后的輔音:
Stop(n. 停止;車站;障礙;逗留), stoppable(adj. 可停止的)
dim(n. 笨蛋,傻子), dimmer(n. [車輛] 調(diào)光器;光暗掣;衰減器)
Don't double the final consonant if the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant:
雙元音加輔音結(jié)尾,不要雙寫最后的輔音:
Sleep(n. 睡眠), sleeper(n. 臥車;臥鋪;枕木;睡眠者)
Treat(n. 請(qǐng)客;款待), treatable(adj. 能治療的;好對(duì)付的;能處理的)
In British English, when you add the endings -ous, -ious, -ary, -ation, -ific, -ize, and -ise to a word which ends in -our, you need to change the -our to –or before adding the ending:
在英式英語中,當(dāng)單詞以-our結(jié)尾,在單詞后添加-ous, -ious, -ary, -ation, -ific, -ize, 或–ise后綴時(shí),需要先將our改寫成or再添加后綴:
Humour(n. 幽默(等于humor);詼諧), humorous(adj. 詼諧的,幽默的;滑稽的,可笑的)
Glamour(n. 魅力,魔力;迷人的美), glamorize(vt. 美化;使有魅力)
But when you are adding other endings, the -our spelling stays the same:
但是當(dāng)你添加其他的后綴時(shí),拼寫保持不變:
Colour(n. 顏色;風(fēng)格;氣色,面色;外貌), colourful(adj. 鮮艷的;生動(dòng)的;色彩豐富的;富有趣味的)
Favour(n. 偏愛;贊同;善行), favourite(n. 特別喜愛的人(或物))
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