- 相關(guān)推薦
2017年考研:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要遵從一致原則
考研英語(yǔ)完型、閱讀、翻譯及寫(xiě)作都不開(kāi)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，語(yǔ)法是基礎(chǔ)，考生一定要熟悉，且靈活的掌握。2017考研復(fù)習(xí)之初，給大家講解語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望大家能夠從現(xiàn)在日積月累，最終質(zhì)變提升。
下面講解的是關(guān)于語(yǔ)法一致原則的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
語(yǔ)法一致原則是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上一致，即通常情況下，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定， 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式， 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由連接詞and或both ……and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：
(1)若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come.
(2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no，each，every more than a (an)，many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：
(1)在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.
(2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。
如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。
如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience等。
如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。
如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意：a number of“許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“……的數(shù)量”，主語(yǔ)是number，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
8、在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。
如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
【考研:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要遵從一致原則】相關(guān)文章：
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)05-01
羽毛球訓(xùn)練要遵循這些原則02-03
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法與練習(xí)09-04
如何學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法11-10
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)入門(mén)02-06
酒店管理的原則12-29