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朱自清背影英譯賞析
朱自清的《背影》這篇文章，大家都不陌生。下面是這篇文章的英語譯文賞析，歡迎閱讀!
背影
The Sight of Father’s Back
朱自清
Zhu Ziqing
我與父親不相見已二年余了，我最不能忘記的是他的背影。那年冬天，祖母死了，父親的差使也交卸了，正是禍不單行的日子，我從北京到徐州，打算跟著父親奔喪回家。到了徐州見著父親，看見滿院狼藉的東西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼淚。
It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening home to attend grandma’s funeral. When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks.
要點：
1、“禍不單行”= Misfortunes never come singly.關于災難，災禍的說法有好幾種，文學翻譯中常用“misfortune, mishap, suffering”表自然災害時有disaster, catastrophe, calamity
2、”那年冬天“親們的第一反應一定是in that winter,然而并，不，是，因為前文并沒有提及那一年具體是哪一年，而that 只指代前面提到過的事物，所以要在winter后面解釋一下。
3、join sb in dong sth=和某人一起做某事，join通常表示參加某種集體活動，也可以指參加軍隊，社團，是翻譯中很常見的一個詞，對于這種用法多多的詞，親們找一本權威詞典把他的直系血親(變形，意思，用法)和旁系血親(同義詞，辨析)全部摸透。
4、hasten通常意為“催促，加速”但后面加了地名就是“趕往某地”了
5、“到了徐州見著父親”這是一個多動詞的句子，在文學翻譯中很常見，翻之前要先確定主要動詞，將其定為謂語動詞，其他不重要的降級為從句或非謂語結構，再不重要譯為介詞。“到了”和“見到”都不是主要動詞，所以他倆的出場方式就是“從句+介詞短語“
6、“看見滿院狼藉的東西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼淚。”對于這半部分的處理也值得學習，將動詞轉換成名詞，使行文更加流暢
7、trickle意為“使緩慢流淌，使慢慢移動“，很好地體現(xiàn)了“簌簌”之意，文學翻譯對于這種小詞的運用是其區(qū)別于非文學翻譯的一大特征，,使人感覺那個流淚之人就在眼前。要做好文學翻譯，平時就要多積累這類小詞，比如“看”也分很多種：squint是“斜視，瞇著眼看“，goggle是”瞪視“他們所表達的韻味是單單用see 和 look無法達到的。
父親說：“事已如此，不必難過，好在天無絕人之路!”
Father said, “Now that things‘ve come to such a pass, it’s no use crying. Fortunately, Heaven always leaves one a way out.”
1、”天無絕人之路“采用反語正譯法，意為”上天總會給人一條出路“
回家變賣典質，父親還了虧空;又借了錢辦了喪事。這些日子，家中光景很是慘淡，一半為了喪事，一半為了父親的賦閑。喪事完畢，父親要到南京謀事，我也要回到北京念書，我們便同行。
After arriving home in Yangzhou, father paid off debts by selling or pawning things. He also borrowed money to meet the funeral expenses. Between grandma’s funeral and father’s unemployment, our family was then in reduced circumstances. After the funeral was over, father was to go to Nanjing to look for a job and I was to return to Beijing to study, so we started out together.
要點：
1、“一半為了喪事，一半為了父親的賦閑“譯為” Between grandma’s funeral and father’s unemployment“，”between…and…”意為“半因…，半因…”
2、start out意為“起初，最初，開始時“”開始(生活，職業(yè)或重要階段)“”出發(fā)，啟程“，start也是一個出鏡率很高的詞~要把他的七大姑八大姨統(tǒng)統(tǒng)搞明白~
3、pawn“典當，抵押品“，他的小伙伴是pledge
4、“光景慘淡“譯為be in reduced circumstances“，可以按固定搭配來記，意為”境況不濟，生活拮據“，此外 reduce有很多用法也值得大家注意，比如葉圣陶《我坐了木船》中”無可奈何只好出此下策“就用了be reduced to sth 這個用法，意為“被迫從事…”
到南京時，有朋友約去游逛，勾留了一日;第二日上午便須渡江到浦口，下午上車北去。
I spent the first day in Nanjing strolling about with some friends at their invitation, and was ferrying across the Yangtse River to Pukou the next morning and thence taking a train for Beijing on the afternoon of the same day.
1、stroll about 意為“散步，漫步“
如Strolling about these gardens , with the tree shadows swaying on the white wall.
白墻上樹影婆娑，池塘中柳枝起舞。
意思相近的詞還有amble ,wander ,ramble
2、at their invitation意為“接受某人邀請“，譯文將原文中的動詞轉譯為名詞，這種詞性轉換也是翻譯中常用的手段
比如：“我們不承諾放棄使用武力“=”our non-commitment to renouncing the use of force”中”承諾“和”放棄“都做了名詞化處理
3、ferry 原意“渡船，擺渡“，ferry across the river 譯為”渡江“
4、thence，這個陌生的兄弟是副詞~，意為“從那里，然后，隨之“，比如He hitched south towards Italy, and thence into France. 他搭乘便車往南去意大利，然后從那里進入法國。有點類似于thereafter(此后)，therefrom(由此，從那兒),
說到副詞們，他們也是一個奇妙的世界，它們對于文學翻譯的貢獻也是功不可沒。
父親因為事忙，本已說定不送我，叫旅館里一個熟識的茶房陪我同去。他再三囑咐茶房，甚是仔細。但他終于不放心，怕茶房不妥貼，頗躊躇了一會。其實那年我已二十歲，北京來往過兩三次，是沒有甚么要緊的了。他躊躇了一會，終于決定還是自己送我去。我兩三回勸他不必去;他只說，“不要緊，他們去不好!”
Father said he was too busy to go and see me off at the railway station, but would ask a hotel waiter that he knew to accompany me there instead. He urged the waiter again and again to take good care of me, but still did not quite trust him. He hesitated for quite a while about what to do. As a matter of fact, nothing would matter at all because I was then twenty and had already travelled on Beijing-Pukou Railway a couple of times. After some wavering, he finally decided that he himself would accompany me to the station. I repeatedly tried to talk him out of it, but he only said, “Never mind! It won’t do to trust guys like those hotel boys!”
1、“urged the waiter again and again“意為”再三叮囑“，表示”再三“的詞組還有“repeatedly, over and over again, time after time”
2、這段出現(xiàn)了兩個“猶豫，躊躇“，分別用了hesitate(強調遲疑，顧慮，常與about, over一起用) 和 waver(常與between, on, over連用，意思和hesitate差不多),其他表猶豫的詞還有”boggle(畏縮不前，因膽怯而猶豫)，falter(因缺乏信心而猶豫)，用時要分清語境
3、“勸某人不要做某事“=talk sb out of sth,新表述get√
4、”兩三回”就是“再三“，用到了上面提到過的repeatedly
5、本段“怕他不妥帖”和“他們去不好”中的“妥帖”、“去不好”其深層含義都是“不相信”，都表達了對茶房的不信任感，因此，譯文兩處都用了trust。
我們過了江，進了車站。我買票，他忙著照看行李。行李太多了，得向腳夫行些小費，才可過去。他便又忙著和他們講價錢。我那時真是太聰明過分，總覺得他說話不大漂亮，非得自己插嘴不可。但他終于講定了價錢;就送我上車。他給我揀定了靠車門的一張椅子;我將他給我做的紫毛大衣鋪好坐位。
We entered the railway station after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage. There was quite a bit of luggage and he had to bargain with the porter over the fee. I was then such a smart aleck that I frowned upon the way father was haggling and was on the verge of chipping in a few words when the bargain was finally clinched. Getting on the train with me, he picked me a seat close to the carriage door. I spread on the seat the brownish fur-lined overcoat he had got tailor made for me.
要點：
1、 See to意為“注意，照看照料，保證”
2、 “小費”在這里并譯作了fee而非tip, 前者主要指專門職業(yè)的傭金，后者指給服務生額外的費用。
3、 smart aleck 意為“自作聰明的人”，這句話中的“聰明”是反話哦。
4、 “總覺得他說話不大漂亮”即嫌父親不會講價錢，frown upon 意為“不贊成，反對”
5、 Verge 作名詞時意為“瀕于…,即將…”常用于on the verge of (接近于，瀕于),此外verge還有動詞意思”接近，瀕于“
6、 Chip 這個詞大家可能經常看到他的名詞形式“薯片~“(吃貨們，沸騰起來)，他的動詞形式我們也要注意起來”打破，鏟掉，清除“，而chip in 意為”插嘴，湊錢”,chip away=削弱，這也屬于一個小詞~表示”插嘴”的詞還有interrupt ,cut in ,break in~
他囑我路上小心，夜里要警醒些，不要受涼。又囑托茶房好好照應我。我心里暗笑他的迂;他們只認得錢，托他們直是白托!而且我這樣大年紀的人，難道還不能料理自己嗎?唉，我現(xiàn)在想想，那時真是太聰明了!
He told me to be watchful on the way and be careful not to catch cold at night. He also asked the train attendants to take good care of me. I sniggered at father for being so impractical, for it was utterly useless to entrust me to those attendants, who cared for nothing but money. Besides, it was certainly no problem for a person of my age to look after himself. Oh, when I come to think of it, I can see how smarty I was in those days!
要點：
1、 snigger是前面提到的表示“笑“的小詞，表”竊笑，暗笑“，小詞小詞小詞~重要事情說三遍!
2、 “迂“在這里譯作”不切實際“或”沒有見識“解，譯為“impractical”
3、 “那時真是太聰明了”也是反語，譯為how smarty I was in those days ,smarty和前文的smart aleck 童鞋是一個意思=“自作聰明的人“，文學翻譯的語氣很重要，所以積累單詞時，褒貶意也要多多注意
我說道，“爸爸，你走吧。”他望車外看了看，說，“我買幾個橘子去。你就在此地，不要走動。”我看那邊月臺的柵欄外有幾個賣東西的的等著顧客。走到那邊月臺，須穿過鐵道，須跳下去又爬上去。父親是一個胖子，走過去自然要費些事。我本來要去的，他不肯，只好讓他去。我看見他戴著黑布小帽。穿著黑布大馬褂，深青布棉袍，蹣跚在走到鐵道邊，慢慢探身下去，尚不大難�？墒撬┻^鐵道，要爬上那邊月臺，就不容易了。他用兩手攀著上面，兩腳再向上縮;他肥胖的身子向左微傾，顯出努力的樣子。這時我看見他的的背影，我眼淚很快地流下來了。我趕緊拭干了淚，怕他看見，也怕別人看見。我再向外看時，他已抱了朱紅的橘子往回走了。
I said, “Dad, you might leave now.” But he looked out of window and said, “I’m going to buy you some tangerines. You just stay here. Don’t move around.” I caught sight of several vendors waiting for customers outside the railings beyond a platform. But to reach that platform would require crossing the railway track and doing some climbing up and down. That would be a strenuous job for father, who was fat. I wanted to do all that myself, but he stopped me, so I could do nothing but let him go. I watched him hobble towards the railway track in his black skullcap, black cloth mandarin jacket and dark blue cotton-padded cloth long gown. He had little trouble climbing down the railway track, but it was a lot more difficult for him to climb up that platform after crossing the railway track. His hands held onto the upper part of the platform, his legs huddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards the left, obviously making an enormous exertion. While I was watching him from behind, tears gushed from my eyes. I quickly wiped them away lest he or others should catch me crying. The next moment when I looked out of the window again, father was already on the way back, holding bright red tangerines in both hands.
要點：
1、 sight在文中出現(xiàn)多次，它本身也是多義詞，也是第一次就是在題目上“the sight of”,此外還有”catch sight of(看見)”“go out of sight(在視線內消失)” ”lose sight of(看不到，忘記) “等，是替換see, look的常用詞哦
2、 “走到那邊月臺，須穿過鐵道，須跳下去又爬上去。“又是我們熟悉的多動詞句，前兩個直接順譯下來，”跳下去又爬上去”譯為do some climbing up and down,(此處“跳下去”的本質也是“爬下去”)簡潔明了，動作感強。
3、 “尚不大難”中的“尚”是“尚且”，有著轉折的含義
4、Huddle意為“蜷縮，擠成一團”如The boys huddle together under the rock to keep warm. 男孩們縮成一團在石頭底下取暖。Huddle up=”向上縮“
5、“他用兩手攀著上面，兩腳再向上縮;他肥胖的身子向左微傾，顯出努力的樣子。“我們主要分析一下，譯者對于小詞的使用，huddle前面已經說過，用得十分形象。Corpulent 意為”肥胖的，肥大的“，此外還有chubby(豐滿的) tubby(矮胖的),plump(微胖的),來表示不同程度的”胖“(真的不想提到這個話題好嗎(⊙﹏⊙)b)，這再一次提醒我們文學翻譯對于詞匯要求的具體性，不要只記“fat”了!
6、Gush(噴涌) 和wipe(擦拭)~都要記起來，再說一遍，文學翻譯的難度之一就是用詞的準確性
7、Lest意為“免得，以免”，引導目的狀語從句，句中用“should(可省) +動原”如He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
他帶了雨衣，怕下雨。
同樣的，還有for fear that, in case等
過鐵道時，他先將橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。到這邊時，我趕緊去攙他。他和我走到車上，將橘子一股腦兒放在我的皮大衣上。于是撲撲衣上泥土，心里很輕松似的，過了一會說，“我走了;到那邊來信!”我望著他走出去。他走了幾步，回過頭看見我，說，“進去吧，里邊沒人。”等他的背影混入來來往往的人里，再找不著了，我便進來坐下，我的眼淚又來了。
In crossing the railway track, he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again. When he came near the train, I hurried out to help him by the hand. After boarding the train with me, he laid all the tangerines on my overcoat, and patting the dirt off his clothes, he looked somewhat relieved and said after a while, “I must be going now. Don’t forget to write me from Beijing!” I gazed after his back retreating out of the carriage. After a few steps, he looked back at me and said, “Go back to your seat. Don’t leave your things alone.” I, however, did not go back to my seat until his figure was lost among crowds of people hurrying to and fro and no longer visible. My eyes were again wet with tears.
要點：
1、“攙”這個動詞并不好翻，遇到不會翻的動詞，可以選擇用描述這個動作的方法來翻譯，此處譯為help sb by the hand
2、”怕掉身上的土“=pat the dirt off
3、“里面沒人”不宜按字面直譯，挖掘深層含義=“沒有人照看行李“此處采用了leave alone的句式
4、“來來往往的人“=people hurrying to and fro
近幾年來，父親和我都是東奔西走，家中的光景是一日不如一日。他少年出外謀生，獨力支持，做了許多大事。那知老境卻如此頹唐!他觸目傷懷，自然不能自己。情郁于中，自然要發(fā)之于外;家庭瑣屑便往往觸他之怒。他待我漸漸不同往日。但最近兩年的不見，他終于忘卻我的不好，只是惦記著我，惦記著我的兒子。我北來后，他寫了一信給我，信中說道，“我身體平安，惟膀子疼痛利害，舉箸提筆，諸多不便，大約大去之期不遠矣。”我讀到此處，在晶瑩的淚光中，又看見那肥胖的，青布馬褂的背影。唉!我不知何時再能與他相見!
In recent years, both father and I have been living an unsettled life, and the circumstances of our family going from bad to worse. Father left home to seek a livelihood when young and did achieve quite a few things all on his own. To think that he should now be so downcast in old age! The discouraging state of affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. That is why even mere domestic trivialities would often make him angry, and meanwhile he became less and less nice with me. However, the separation of the last two years has made him more forgiving towards me. He keeps thinking about me and my son. After I arrived in Beijing, he wrote me a letter, in which he says. “I’m all right except for a severe pain in my arm. I even have trouble using chopsticks or writing brushes. Perhaps it won’t be long now before I depart this life.” Through the glistening tears which these words had brought to my eyes I again saw the back of father’s corpulent form in the dark blue cotton-padded cloth long gown and the black cloth mandarin jacket. Oh, how I long to see him again.
要點：
1、“父親和我都是東奔西走“之前提到過”東奔西走“可以譯為 going here and there,但是此處的意思是”過著不穩(wěn)定的生活”
2、“一日不如一日，每況愈下”=going from bad to worse
3、” 他少年出外謀生,獨立支持，做了許多大事.”可以串進一個句子里，將“獨立支持”作為狀語，此外，“做了許多大事“可以按”小有成就“來譯
4、“頹唐“可譯為downcast ,downhearted, dejected.
5、“他觸目傷懷，自然不能自己”意即“他看到家庭敗落，情不自禁為之悲傷“，譯為”The discouraging state of affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow“，在這里我們又見到了一個表示”使某人感到…”的句式，即fill sb with a feeling of,
在這里我們可以隨手做一個小小的總結：generate in sb a feeling/sensation of ;inspire sb by (使某人振奮);give sb great pleasure(使某人感到愉悅)
平時多做這樣的總結，慢慢水平就會提升
6、pent up意為”壓抑的，積壓的，難以抒懷的“，其他的小伙伴還有“repressed ,constrained ,restrained, curbed”
7、” 他待我漸漸不同往日“意即“他待我漸漸不如過去(那么好)”
8、”我讀到此處，在晶瑩的淚光中…”我們看到這個句子第一反應肯定是“when I…”而張爺爺對于此句的處理值得借鑒，調整語序，將”在晶瑩的淚光中“譯為介詞短語放在最前面，既避免了合譯之后句子前后不平衡，也避免了分譯，使譯文句子不至于太過瑣碎~看來大師很懂得調和~
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