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2016年6月英語四級真題及答案試卷三
2016年下半年的英語四級考試開始備考，為了幫助廣大考生更好備考2016年12月英語四級考試，小編為大家提供了英語四級歷年真題及答案詳解，希望對備考考研英語的同學有所幫助!以下是2016年6月英語四級考試試卷三的真題及答案。
Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension
Section A
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the_____(26)popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become_____(27)on computers throughout the day, and desktops-which keep doctors from besides-are_____(28)giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, "something had to_____(29), and that was always face time with patients," says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago's internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped_____(30)a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so_____(31)that all internal-medicine program adopted the same_____(32)in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. "You'll want an iPad just so you can wear this" is the slogan for one of the new lab coats_____(33)with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and_____(34) faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents.Many patients also_____(35) a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
A.dependent
B.designed
C.fast
D.flying
E.gained
F.give
G.growing
H.launch
I.policy
J.prospect
K.rather
L.reliable
M.signal
N.successful
O.treatments
Section B
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
[A] Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
[B] The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. "There is no expiration(失效)date on wisdom," he says "There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these day, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry(詭辯). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today."
Examine your life
[C] Soupies, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy-Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule-examine your life-is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. "The Greek are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions(信念)," he says. "So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships."
Stop worrying about what you can not control
[D] As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. "The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher His name is Epictetus, "he says." And what the Stoics say in general is simply this. There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimerisions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan."
[E]So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. "I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example." He says. "I mean, there are some cautious steps. I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasterful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control."
Seek true pleasure
[F]To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle-a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great-most relationships don't qualify as true friendships. "Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend." Soupios says. "Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poctic image that Aristotle offers."
[G]In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures-advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence(放縱)and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
[H]"This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans." Soupios says. "This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in mental and spiritual, which was identified by these people as the gighest form of happiness and pleasure."
Do good to others
[I]Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous(發(fā)跡的)fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships. Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
[J]"This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer," Soupios says. "Hesiod offers an idea-which you very often find in some of the word's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam an others-that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted(自己招致的)spiritual wound."
[K]Instead, Soupios says,ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No.10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
[L]"This is Aesop, the fabulist(寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationships." He says. "I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being. One can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to you good deed. At the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment."
[M]Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
36.According to an ancient Greek philosopher, it is impossible for us to understand every aspect of our life.
37.Ancient Philosophers saw life in a different light from people of today.
38.Not all your business partners are your soul mates.
49.We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges of the modern world.
40.The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when they gain no concrete benefits.
41.How to achieve meatal calmness and contentment is well worth our consideration today.
42.Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefully about our priorities in life.
43.Ancient philosophers strongly advise that we do good.
44.The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless, and are applicable to contemporary life.
45.Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself.
Section C
Passage One
Attitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The face that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet-but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic useeases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cares are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
46.What happens when a new technology emerges?
A.It further widens the gap between the old and the young.
B.It often leads to innovations in other related fields.
C.It contribute greatly to the advance of society as a whole.
D.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.
47.What does the author say about the driverless car?
A.It does not seem to create a generational divide.
B.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.
C.It may start a revolution in the car industry.
D.It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.
48.Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?
A.It saves their energy.
B.It helps with their mobility.
C.It adds to the safety of their travel.
D.It stirs up their interest in life.
49.What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?
A.The location of their residence.
B.The amount of their special interest
C.The amount of training they received.
D.The length of their driving experience.
50.Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car?
A.The senior.
B.The educated.
C.The weaIthy.
D.The tech fans.
Passage Two
In agrarian(農(nóng)業(yè)的),pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meal are the foundation of the family,' says Carole Couniban. a professor at Millersville University in
Peensylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together" and strength-eating family ties.
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous, increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day. the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals" says Counihan.
51.What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe?
A.They had to work from early morning till late at night.
B.They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.
C.Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.
D.Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.
52.What does Professor Carole Counihan say about. pre-industrial European families eating meals together?
A.It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition.
B.It brought family members closers to each other.
C.It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.
D.It enabled families to save a lot of money.
53.What does "cultural metabolism"(Line 1 ,Para. 3) refer to?
A.Evolutionary adaptation.
B.Changes in lifestyle.
C.Social progress.
D.Pace of life.
54.What does the author think of the food people eat today?
A.Its quality is usually guaranteed.
B.It is varied, abundant and nutritious.
C.It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.
D.Its production depends too much on technology.
55.What does the author say about Italians of the old days.
A.They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
B.They ate a big dinner late in the evening.
C.They ate three meals regularly every day.
D.They were expert at cooking meals.
Part Ⅳ：Translation
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館。在過去的一千年里，烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化，是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建造。數(shù)百年來，當?shù)厝搜刂舆吔ㄆ鹆俗≌图小o數(shù)寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
參考答案：
作文參考范文：
Dear my father and mother,
This letter is my inner feelings. I want to thank both of you for so many years’ care and help.
During my growth, you have made a lot of efforts and love for me. When I make a success, both of you are more excited than me, and support me to do better. Even though I have failed, you always share sorrow with me and encourage me not to give up. Especially, during my preparation for CET-4, the support from you is always everywhere. I have passed the exam successfully.
You love is so unselfish that I am deeply affected, so I will study hard to be a useful person and won’t make you disappointed. Anyway, I would like to express the deep gratitude to you.
With best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
選詞填空
26. 正確選項 G growing
27. 正確選項 A dependent
28. 正確選項 C fast
29. 正確選項 F give
30. 正確選項 H launch
31. 正確選項 N successful
32. 正確選項 I policy
33. 正確選項 B designed
34. 正確選項 O treatments
35. 正確選項 E gained
段落匹配
36. 正確選項 D
37. 正確選項 B
38. 正確選項 F
39. 正確選項 A
40. 正確選項 L
41. 正確選項 H
42. 正確選項 C
43. 正確選項 K
44. 正確選項 B
45. 正確選項 J
仔細閱讀
Passage One
46. 正確選項 D。 It usually draws different reactions
47. 正確選項A。 It does not seem to create a generational divide.
48. 正確選項B。 It helps with their mobility.
49. 正確選項A。 The location of their residence.
50. 正確選項C。 The wealthy.
Passage Two
51. 正確選項 C。Their daily routine followed the rhythm of natural cycles.
52. 正確選項B。It brought family members closer to each other.
53. 正確選項D。Pace of life.
54. 正確選項B。It is varied, abundant and nutritious.
55. 正確選項A。They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
翻譯參考譯文：
【參考譯文】
Wuzhen is an old water town in Zhejiang, located in the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Wuzhen is attractive with lots of ancient bridges, Chinese-styled hotels and restaurants. The river system and life styles of Wuzhen stayed nearly unchanged over the past 1,000 years, and therefore Wuzhen became a museum displaying ancient civilization. All of the houses in Wuzhen were built of stone-wood. Residences and markets were constructed along the river by the local people over hundreds of years. Numberless spacious and beautiful yards are hided among houses, which give the tourists surprises as they step into each of them.
英語四級真題長難句解析
1、Ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “l(fā)ess bad” but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again.
【分析】本句為復合句。句子主干為our basic design strategy is focused not on being “l(fā)ess bad” but on creating healthful materials。that引導定語從句，修飾materials。however 意為“然而”，是插入成分。not…but…意為“不是……而是……”，連接兩個介詞短語。either…or…意為“或者……或者……”，表示并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
【譯文】然而最終，我們的基本設(shè)計目標不僅是簡單地關(guān)注于“較低危害”，而是發(fā)明完全有益于健康的材料，這種材料或可以無害地回歸土地，或可以被工業(yè)重復利用。
2、As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states — light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep — that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.
【分析】本句為復合句。主句主干為you pass through a sequence of sleep states。as引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……時”。that引導非限制性定語從句，修飾a sequence of sleep states，that在從句中作主語。light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep 是插入成分，具體說明 states 的內(nèi)容。
【譯文】人們睡覺時經(jīng)歷了一連串的睡眠階段——淺度睡眠階段，深度睡眠階段，快速眼動睡眠階段——大約每90分鐘重復一次。
3、You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly(適時地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.
【分析】本句為并列復合句。句子主干為You program the clock, and it wakes you。at which 引導定語從句，修飾 time，which 在從句中作時間狀語，at+時間是固定搭配，所以 which 之前加介詞 at，表示在某一具體時間點。句末的 that 指代 the latest time。
【譯文】將鬧鐘調(diào)好至你想起床的時間，它便會適時地在之前的最后一個淺眠期將你叫醒。
4、Home builders can now use materials — such as paints that release significantly reduced amounts of organic compounds — that don’t destroy the quality of the air, water, or soil.
【分析】本句為復合句。主句為Home builders can now use materials。such as… compounds是舉例說明，作插入語。第一個 that 引導定語從句，修飾 paints;第二個 that 引導定語從句，修飾 materials。
【譯文】房屋建造者們現(xiàn)在可以使用不破壞空氣、水或土壤的材料，如釋放少量有機物的涂料。
5、We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.
【分析】本句為復合句。主句為We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices。that 引導定語從句，修飾 choices，that 在從句中作主語。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定語。
【譯文】我們提供高質(zhì)量和健康的產(chǎn)品，提供做選擇的機會，他們可以選擇對世界有益的產(chǎn)品。
6、This jumping to our children’s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為…jumping to our children’s defence is part of…。what引導的賓語從句what fuels…feelings作of的賓語。that引導的定語從句that surrounds…children修飾feeling。
【譯文】這種對孩子的急切保護，加劇了我們在處理別人孩子的事情時，那種“在蛋殼上行走”的感覺。
7、Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為簡單句。句子主干為 you’ll die…。Assuming…term 為條件狀語。about 78 years for men in Australia作插入語，是對natural term的解釋說明，去掉后，句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語義仍完整。
【譯文】假定你有幸活到了生命的自然盡頭——在澳大利亞男性大概是78歲——你平均也要比女性早去世五年。
8、Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為復合句。主句為Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。 who引導定語從句,修飾 a 50-year-old man。delay后常接動名詞，表示“推遲做某事”。smoker’s cough指吸煙引起的咳嗽。
【譯文】兩個月前，古麗塔遇見一位50歲的男人，他耽擱了一年而未對吸煙引起的咳嗽做任何處理。
9、Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為并列復合句。when引導時間狀語從句，according to…是介詞短語。conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School作后置定語修飾a study。the last one to do sth.意為“最后一個做某事的人”。
【譯文】據(jù)沃德集團和沃頓商學院所做的一份聯(lián)合調(diào)查顯示，商店經(jīng)理總是最后一個接到投訴，并且通常是當他們的�？蜎Q定定期光顧他們的競爭對手時才發(fā)現(xiàn)。
10、“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句中的直接引語為復合句。句子主干為Retailers are more likely to smooth over issues than those, more…than是比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。第一個who引導的定語從句修飾Retailers，第二個who引導的定語從句修飾those。
【譯文】史提芬??霍克教授說：“與那些態(tài)度不友好的零售商相比，能夠及時作出反應(yīng)且態(tài)度友好的零售商更有可能平息事端�！�
英語四級閱讀備考：真題長難句解析(3)
11、He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為He believes…diseases…could be addressed…。that引導的定語從句that commonly affect men修飾most diseases。by preventive check-ups為be addressed的方式狀語。
【譯文】他相信，那些經(jīng)常感染男性的疾病大多數(shù)都可以通過預防性的檢查來處理掉。
12、Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers — and anyone who will listen. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Shoppers seldom complain to…but…will alert…。破折號在這里起到強調(diào)或引起別人注意破折號后面要說的話的作用。在破折號后，who引導的定語從句who will listen修飾的是anyone。
【譯文】顧客很少向經(jīng)理或者零售店的老板投訴，相反，他們會轉(zhuǎn)而向他們的朋友、親戚、同事、陌生人——以及任何可以聽到的人吐苦水。
13、This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為簡單句，主干為This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。eyeing the same parking space為現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，修飾those。
【譯文】這些引導消除了顧客在停車場無盡地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顧客之間因搶占空車位而引發(fā)的沖突。
14、Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句為簡單句，主干為Customers can…improve…experiences。方式狀語by filling complaints to the retailer修飾improve future shopping experiences。instead of表示否定，其前后成分結(jié)構(gòu)一致，complaining前其實省略了by。
【譯文】顧客也可以通過向零售商投訴來改善今后的購物體驗，而不是向全世界其他的人抱怨。
15、A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.(2008年12月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主句為A code of conduct is hard to create，從句為when引導的時間狀語從句when you’re living…last。從句中又包括兩個由介詞in加which引導的定語從句in which everyone is…sleep和in which nice…last，先行詞均為a world。
【譯文】當你生活在一個每個人都因加班工作、缺乏睡眠而筋疲力盡的社會，在一個好人最后總是吃虧的社會時，很難創(chuàng)造出一套行為準則。
16、Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Todd Park said…。a local detective為Todd Park的同位語。the method has…為省略了引導詞that的賓語從句，該賓語從句中又包含一個由whose引導的定語從句whose skeleton…Lake，修飾的是woman。
【譯文】當?shù)氐膫商絋odd Park說這個方法幫助他了解到關(guān)于一具在大鹽湖附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的不明身份女尸骸的更多信息。
17、He had a perfect résumé and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為He had a…résumé and gave…responses, but the fact…said untrustworthy…so she decided…。從句that he never looked her in the eye為the fact的同位語。and連接He的兩個謂賓，but表轉(zhuǎn)折，so則表結(jié)果。
【譯文】這位應(yīng)試者的履歷非常完美，并且對她的問題回答得不錯，但是，他不敢正視她這一事實意味著“不值得信賴”，因此她決定把工作留給第二個候選人。
18、When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主句為we begin to realize…，從句為When引導的時間狀語從句When we…etc.。主句中包括一個由that引導的賓語從句that some…values，作realize的賓語。從句中包含了一個由what引導的賓語從句what we think，作challenge的賓語；而think后又帶了一個省略引導詞的賓語從句we have learned from…etc.。
【譯文】當我們開始質(zhì)疑自己的假設(shè)，并且向那些我們認為是從我們的過去、媒體、同輩、家人、朋友等那里學到的東西發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)的時候，我們就開始意識到我們的結(jié)論有些是有缺陷的，或者說與我們的基本價值是相違背的。
19、We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為We need to…。to后帶了三個并列的不定式，分別是train ourselves to think，shift our mindsets和realize，而that引導的賓語從句that diversity opens…us則作realize的賓語。creating…communities作伴隨狀語，該狀語中又包括一個由that引導的定語從句that benefit everyone，修飾的是opportunities。
【譯文】我們需要訓練自己用不同的思維方式去思考，轉(zhuǎn)變我們的思維，并且意識到多元化的大門向我們每一個人開放，這樣就能創(chuàng)造機會，使組織和社區(qū)中的每一個人都受益。
20、They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’(2008年12月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主句為They only come in，從句為when引導的時間狀語從句。從句中包含兩個由and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)a friend drops dead和they think…�！瓽eez…’為think的賓語，該賓語的省略號里其實省略了與it could happen to him結(jié)構(gòu)對應(yīng)的it could happen to me too。
【譯文】某個朋友在打高爾夫時猝死，他們會想：‘天啊，如果這能在他身上發(fā)生……’，只有這個時候他們才會來(醫(yī)院)。
21、Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Scott Hahn says…。high-quality sustainable…find為says的賓語。which引導的非限制性定語從句which uses all-organic cotton修飾的是Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory為Scott Hahn的同位語。
【譯文】Scott Hahn與Gregory同為使用全有機棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的創(chuàng)始人，他聲稱，高質(zhì)量的可持續(xù)使用面料仍然很難尋覓到。
22、Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Most designers…are finding…。there aren’t…used to為省略了that的賓語從句。that引導的定語從句that can just replace…修飾fabrics。what引導的兩個賓語從句what you’re doing和what your customers are used to作replace的賓語。
【譯文】他說，“大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有品牌設(shè)計師發(fā)現(xiàn)，并沒有匹配的面料能代替你正用著的和顧客們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)的面料�！�
23、Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企業(yè)家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為… Designers & Agents stopped charging…and gave special recognition…。who引導的定語從句who attend its…York修飾entrepreneurs，whose引導的定語從句whose collections are…sustainable修飾designers。
【譯文】去年，頗具影響力的Designers & Agents對參加其在洛杉磯和紐約舉辦的兩次春季展覽的年輕環(huán)保企業(yè)家們實行免費入場，同時給予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持續(xù)產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計師們以特別表彰。
24、This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (過渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Wal-Mart is set to announce a… initiative。aimed…organic為后置定語，修飾initiative。冒號后的句子it will buy…prices即initiative的內(nèi)容，相當于initiative的同位語從句。helping to…sustainable作伴隨狀語。
【譯文】本周沃爾瑪特打算宣布一大重要舉措，旨在幫助種植棉花的農(nóng)民走有機種植之路：它將以稍高價收購過渡型的棉花，以此幫助擴大一種主要的可持續(xù)使用面料的供應(yīng)量。
25、Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (縷) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Scientists have devised a way…。a technique為a way的同位語。where引導的賓語從句where…lived作determine的賓語。using…h(huán)air為現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語。that引導的定語從句that…victims修飾technique。
【譯文】科學家已經(jīng)設(shè)計出一個方法，憑借人的一縷頭發(fā)便能大致確定某人曾經(jīng)居住過的地點，這項技術(shù)可能能夠幫助跟蹤鎖定犯罪嫌疑人或不明身份案件受害人的活動場所。
拓展：
四級閱讀理解長難句有以下六大特點：
1、 主語拉長
一般來講，漢語主語比較簡短。相比之下，英語中主語一旦拉長，就會增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個擊破。例如：
The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears have also attracted more people to the region. （2005.6）
首先，把原句子分解為兩個簡單獨立的句子：
�。�1）The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears溪流、湖泊、草地、山脈、森林，使得Pocono成為黑熊理想的棲息地
�。�2）have also attracted more people to the region. 吸引了越來越多的人們來到這里。
其次，句子整合翻譯：
溪流、湖泊、草地、山脈、森林，這些不僅使得Pocono成為黑熊理想的棲息地，而且吸引了越來越多的人們來到這里。
2、 分詞短語打頭，句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式
分詞短語（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）做狀語，這一句式比較常見，讀者閱讀時由于要區(qū)分短語和主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系，所以理解上有難度。并且分詞短語本身往往由于摻入了插入語成分，理解上就更為困難。
解決方法：理清主動和被動關(guān)系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關(guān)系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關(guān)系。
例如：
Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvanis, the Conservancy’s Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth environmental protection. （2005.6）
翻譯：在賓西法尼亞州的朗龐德村莊有一棟上百年歷史的校舍，大自然保護協(xié)會的成員巴德-庫克就在這里辦公，他與當?shù)厝嗣窈蜕虡I(yè)領(lǐng)導合作，以努力平衡好經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護之間的關(guān)系。
注意：介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。例如：
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. （2005.1）
翻譯：有一段時間，美國的兒童學業(yè)表現(xiàn)不盡如人意，許多人于是轉(zhuǎn)向日本，想從中尋求可能的解決辦法，因為日本不僅經(jīng)濟實力強，而且學術(shù)成就也很高。
特別注意不定式to位于句首表目的，一定是考試重點。例如：
原文：To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. (2005.1)
翻譯：為了使孩子能在一年級和以后有良好的表現(xiàn)，日本的學校并不教授閱讀、寫作、和算數(shù)，而是教孩子們諸如毅力、注意力和群體合作能力等技巧。
考題：In Japan’s preshcool education, the focus is on
A. preparing children academically B. developing children’s artistic interests
C. tapping children’s potential D. shaping children’s character
3、 多個謂語動詞連用
簡單句之所以簡單是因為成分單一便于讀者理解。而四級閱讀理解中，出題人為增加閱讀難度，就會把幾個謂語動詞放在一個句子當中。但是無論局勢如何變化，英語句子本身就猶如一棵大樹，只能有一個主干起支撐作用，其他起輔助作用。
解決方法：遇到多個謂語動詞連用情況要分清主句謂語動詞和從句的謂語動詞。剔除細枝末節(jié)之后，句子也就好理解了。例如：
Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. （2005.1）
解析：此句是由but引導的并列句。前面一句話容易理解，謂語動詞是spell,關(guān)鍵看后一句話。but引導的句子黑體下劃線是主語，該句子真正謂語動詞是may make，如下面所示：
but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
翻譯：喉嚨發(fā)癢、鼻塞、渾身酸痛都令人痛苦，但是能夠確定造成這種痛苦的根源是普通感冒還是流感，對這種痛苦能折磨你多就會起關(guān)鍵作用。
4、舉例作為插入語（顯著詞such as; for example; including etc.）
插入語主要起補充或說明的作用，我們在進行快速閱讀的時候通常會把它省略，即忽略不看。但是，筆者在這里要提出的一點是，如果根據(jù)文章問題回原文定位句子時，如果定位的關(guān)鍵句子包含了以上插入語中的任何一種形式，則答案往往就在此處。例如：
原文：Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
考題： Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of
A. instrumental support B. informational support
C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect
�。�1）Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. （2005.1）
翻譯：普通感冒患者的一些典型癥狀，如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉嚨發(fā)癢，發(fā)作比較緩慢，成人和青少年患者一般不會有發(fā)熱癥狀。
（2）And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. （2005.1）
翻譯：一般來說，流感癥狀包括發(fā)燒、發(fā)冷、喉嚨發(fā)癢、渾身疼痛，比普通感冒的癥狀來得突然和猛烈。
☆注意：舉例有時可以換成短語，如介詞短語、不定式短語等等；還可以換成有兩個破折號引起的插入語成分。例如：
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and jounals and to producing video materials on ASL and deaf culture—is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.(2004.6)
時間過了37年�，F(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關(guān)于美國手語和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志，以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料
5、并列句連用使得句子變長（主謂賓都可以并列）
并列句是四級閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會把幾個成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個很長的句子
解決方法：破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個句子的邏輯關(guān)系，補全成分后重新還原為幾個單獨的句子即可。例如：
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. (2004.6)
翻譯：對政府來說，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準，并且她事實上非常了解安哥拉的形勢和英國政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。
相當于拆分成三個句子：
(1) To make matters worse for the government
(2) It soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
(3) It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復合句疊加
所謂多重復合句疊加，就是說一個長句子當中可能包含了好幾種句式（并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等）。
解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如：
�。�1）Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (2006.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)圖：
①——☆①
○——○——
�、凇睥�
說明：
○——○=then there is the general, all covering apology
①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
�、�= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然，原句子是由有there be引導做主句，后面跟了兩個which 引導的定語從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個定語從句，像是一個連環(huán)套。
分解為以下幾個句子：
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯：
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會再犯的具體行為。
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