考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解翻譯
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Ifambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth,distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemedworthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition ofambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially mustbe highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not leastamong them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to havegiven up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps mostbenefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn doorafter the horses have escaped―with the educated themselves riding on them。
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and itssigns now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—thelocations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seemless in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is thatpeople cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once theycould, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we aretreated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in amplesupply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; thepublisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalistadvocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own childrenare enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not soexceptional, the proper formulation is," Succeed at all costs but avoidappearing ambitious."
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; itspublic defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremelyunattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, aquality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lowerthan it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition isat an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but onlythat, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequencesfollow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is drivenunderground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the leftangry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, themajority of earnest people trying to get on in life。
27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____。
[A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B]it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C]its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D]it is shared by the rich and the famous
28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably impliesthat it is____ 。
[A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
[B]too late to check ambition once it has been let out
[C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
[D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____ 。
[A]they think of it as immoral
[B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn thatambition should be maintained_____。
[A]secretly and vigorously
[B]openly and enthusiastically
[C]easily and momentarily
[D]verbally and spiritually
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____。
普遍認(rèn)為，如果____, 雄心就能夠受人尊重。
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
雄心的回報(bào)充分補(bǔ)償了所作的犧牲
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
雄心以金錢、名譽(yù)和權(quán)力作為回報(bào)
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
雄心的目標(biāo)是精神上的而不是物質(zhì)上的
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
它是富人和名人共享的
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 文章第一句指出，“雄心如果想要獲得尊重，那么它的回報(bào)——財(cái)富、聲望、對(duì)命運(yùn)的掌控——則必須被認(rèn)為值得為之犧牲”。也就是說，正確答案是[A]。[B]中的金錢、聲望和對(duì)命運(yùn)的控制，在第一句中，只是作為取得回報(bào)的三個(gè)例子，并非僅包括這三方面而已。因此，選擇項(xiàng)[A]更加確切地表達(dá)了第一句的意思。[C]、[D]的說法顯然不對(duì)。
28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably impliesthat it is____。
第一段最后一句話很可能暗示的內(nèi)容是____。
[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
受過教育的人習(xí)慣于口頭上拋棄雄心
[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
雄心一旦釋放，要想再阻攔就晚了
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
在目標(biāo)達(dá)成之后不誠(chéng)實(shí)地否認(rèn)雄心
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
對(duì)受過教育的人來說，要享受雄心帶來的好處是不實(shí)際的。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 句意題。
【分析】 本句中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)比喻，意思是“他們是野心的受益者，但又虛偽地否認(rèn)擁有野心的重要性”。這和[C]的意思是吻合的。[A]的錯(cuò)誤在于它不夠完整，沒有提到受益這個(gè)概念。[B]的說法是字面意思。[D]選項(xiàng)沒有根據(jù)。
29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____。
一些人不公開宣稱他們有雄心，是因?yàn)開___。
[A] they think of it as immoral
他們認(rèn)為這不道德
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
他們追求的不是名聲和財(cái)富
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
雄心和物質(zhì)利益并非緊密相連
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
他們不想讓自己看上去貪婪和可鄙
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 根據(jù)第二段第三句，“現(xiàn)在，人們不能像以前那樣輕易公開地承認(rèn)自己的夢(mèng)想，以免別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭，貪婪和庸俗”，所以答案是[D]。
30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn thatambition should be maintained_____。
從最后一段可以得出雄心應(yīng)該被____ _ 保持這一結(jié)論。
[A]secretly and vigorously 秘密并嚴(yán)格地
[B]openly and enthusiastically 公開和充滿熱情地
[C]easily and momentarily 容易并暫時(shí)地
[D]verbally and spiritually 在語(yǔ)言上和精神上
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 作者觀點(diǎn)題。
【分析】 文章最后一段提到“本應(yīng)該是一種健康的沖動(dòng)，一種應(yīng)該受人仰慕并扎根于青年人心靈的品質(zhì)的雄心，卻被人攻擊，得不到支持。由于不公開，雄心轉(zhuǎn)為地下，雄心變得偷偷摸摸”。由此推論，作者認(rèn)為人們不應(yīng)該隱瞞自己的雄心，而應(yīng)該坦言。
難句解析：
1. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must bewidely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who arethemselves admired, the educated not least among them。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是并列句，前一個(gè)分句中，“if”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句主語(yǔ)“it”指代“the tradition of ambition”。后一個(gè)分句中“who”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾“people”，“theeducated not least among them”是“people”的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
2. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to theirdreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】“what”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，“that”引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。“as…as…”結(jié)構(gòu)做程度狀語(yǔ)，此外“lest”引導(dǎo)帶虛擬語(yǔ)氣的假設(shè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
3. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, whichnow more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialismwith a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes hismeals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatorydemocracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in privateschools。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句看上去很長(zhǎng)，主句是“we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles”。“which”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾“spectacles”。在冒號(hào)的后面是三個(gè)并列的名詞性短語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵詞分別是“critic”，“publisher”和“journalist”。
全文翻譯：
雄心如果想要獲得尊重，那么它的回報(bào)——財(cái)富、聲望、對(duì)命運(yùn)的掌控——則必須被認(rèn)為值得為之犧牲。如果雄心的傳統(tǒng)要煥發(fā)生命力，那么它就應(yīng)該受到廣泛的認(rèn)同;雄心尤其應(yīng)該得到那些自身得到他人崇拜的人們的高度尊重，那些接受過良好教育的人最應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi)。怪就怪在恰恰是那些受過良好教育的人在聲稱他們不再將雄心作為理想�？墒瞧婀值氖撬麄円呀�(jīng)從雄心中受益最多——如果不總是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父母的和祖父母的。這其中有著強(qiáng)烈的虛偽感，就好比把馬放跑后再關(guān)上馬廄的門，而騎在那些馬背上的正是受過良好教育的人自己。
當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)成功及其標(biāo)志的興趣似乎不遜從前，夏日別墅，歐洲旅行、寶馬轎車——盡管它們的地點(diǎn)、地名和商標(biāo)可能會(huì)不一樣，但現(xiàn)在對(duì)這些東西的需求似乎并未比一、二十年前減少�，F(xiàn)在，人們不能像以前那樣輕易公開地承認(rèn)自己的夢(mèng)想，以免別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭，貪婪和庸俗。相反，我們目睹的是得體的虛偽，而且比以前任何時(shí)候都多。如：美國(guó)物欲主義批評(píng)家在南安普頓擁有一幢夏日別墅;激進(jìn)讀物的出版商到三星級(jí)賓館就餐;倡導(dǎo)終生參與民主制的新聞?dòng)浾邊s把自己的子女送進(jìn)私立學(xué)校。對(duì)于這樣的人，以及其他許多不如他們這么特殊的人而言，最好的表達(dá)是“成功不惜一切代價(jià)，雄心不讓任何人看出”。
很多人從不同角度對(duì)雄心進(jìn)行了攻擊;卻沒什么人為之公開辯護(hù)，即使辯護(hù)也不能服人，盡管辯護(hù)者并非極不引人注意。因此，在美國(guó)，本應(yīng)該是一種健康的沖動(dòng)，一種應(yīng)該受人仰慕并扎根于青年人心靈的品質(zhì)的雄心，其得到的支持也許比以往任何時(shí)期都低。但這并不意味著雄心已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，人們不再感覺到它對(duì)人們的激勵(lì)了，只是人們不再公開地以它為榮，更少愿意公開地承認(rèn)。很多不良后果隨之而來，如雄心被趕入地下，或變得偷偷摸摸。現(xiàn)在的情況是這樣的：左邊是憤怒的批評(píng)家，右邊是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多數(shù)認(rèn)真而努力追求成功的人。
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