英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和書(shū)面語(yǔ)法不大一樣，是學(xué)習(xí)者容易忽視和感到困惑的地方。一起來(lái)看看下面五個(gè)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)吧。
1口語(yǔ)中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
It’s difficult, the exam.
非正式口語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法在某些方面與書(shū)面語(yǔ)法不同。句子通常不那么復(fù)雜，使用的連詞種類更少，也更簡(jiǎn)單。
【正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)】
While the hotel was of quite a high standard, the food was disappointing.
【非正式的口語(yǔ)】
The hotel was quite good, but the food was disappointing.
信息經(jīng)常可以分開(kāi)，以一條一條的形式呈現(xiàn)——句子并非總是遵循主語(yǔ)—謂語(yǔ)—賓語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序。
The woman across the road, her brother, well, I was talking to him, and he said…
They work very hard, the students.
2省略句子開(kāi)頭
Must dash.
在非正式口語(yǔ)中，經(jīng)常省略非重讀的句子開(kāi)頭。省略的主要是冠詞、物主代詞、人稱代詞、助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞、指示詞和引導(dǎo)性的there is句型。
Car’s running badly. (=The car’s…)
Shoelace is undone. (=My shoelace…)
Forgotten the umbrella again. (=He’s forgotten…)
You talking to me? (=Are you talking…?)
She ready? (=Is she ready?)
Must dash. (=I must dash.)
Won’t work. (=It won’t work)
Be four pounds fifty. (=That’ll be…)
No reason to panic. (= There’s no reason…)
3省略助動(dòng)詞后的詞語(yǔ)
“Get up!” “I am!”
在非正式口語(yǔ)中，經(jīng)常只用助動(dòng)詞，而不重復(fù)較長(zhǎng)的.表達(dá)。
—Get up!
—I am. (=I am getting up.)
He said he’d write to me, but he hasn’t. (=…h(huán)e hasn’t written to me.)
—Talk louder.
—I would if I could, but I can’t.
如果沒(méi)有可重復(fù)的助動(dòng)詞，則用 do。
She said she would phone, and she did.
4附加疑問(wèn)句
It’s cold, isn’t it?
在口語(yǔ)或非正式書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，附加疑問(wèn)句(question tag)常用于句尾，用于確認(rèn)某事是否屬實(shí)，或征求對(duì)方同意。
You haven’t seen Joe, have you?
This tea isn’t very nice, is it?
否定的附加疑問(wèn)句通常用縮寫(xiě)形式，如 isn’t it(通常不說(shuō)“is it not?”)。在附加疑問(wèn)句中，am I not 的縮寫(xiě)形式是“aren’t I?”。
Nice day, isn’t it?
I’m late, aren’t I?
5答語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句
答語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句(reply question)的構(gòu)成為助動(dòng)詞+代詞(與附加疑問(wèn)句類似)，表達(dá)關(guān)注、興趣或驚奇。
—We had a lovely holiday.
—Did you?
—Yes, we went…
—John likes that girl next door.
—Oh, does he?
—It was a terrible party.
—Was it?
—Yes,…
用否定的答語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句來(lái)回答肯定句，表示加強(qiáng)贊同的語(yǔ)氣。
—It was a lovely concert.
—Yes, wasn’t it! I did enjoy it.
—She’s lost a lot of weight.
—Yes, hasn’t she?
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