英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文復(fù)習(xí)的必備要素
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試復(fù)習(xí)過程中，有一些要素是復(fù)習(xí)作文的必備要素的。為此百分網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)泶髮W(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文部分復(fù)習(xí)的必備要素。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文復(fù)習(xí)的必備要素
一. 休息
考試迫在眉睫時(shí)，同學(xué)們往往容易進(jìn)入一種臨考狀態(tài)。這種狀態(tài)比較突出的表現(xiàn)是夜不能寐。尤其是在專業(yè)課和全國(guó)四六級(jí)考試紛至沓來的時(shí)候，很多同學(xué)更是發(fā)揚(yáng)連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)的精神，通宵達(dá)旦，頭懸樑、錐刺骨。其實(shí)這對(duì)于像四六級(jí)考試這樣的高強(qiáng)度考試而言是有百害而無一益的。道理很簡(jiǎn)單，四六級(jí)考試對(duì)于一個(gè)學(xué)生來說，不僅是一次英語(yǔ)水平的綜合測(cè)試，也是一種意志力、甚至是體力的考驗(yàn)。沒有良好的休息作為后盾，考生很難笑到最后。所以，保證充足的睡眠是最基本也是首要的應(yīng)試技巧。
二. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)
無庸置疑，營(yíng)養(yǎng)的攝入在最后關(guān)頭也是異常重要的一環(huán)。在保證充分睡眠的同時(shí)，食物是另一個(gè)“工夫在詩(shī)外”的客觀因素。尤其是參加四級(jí)考試的同學(xué)，早餐一定要定時(shí)定量，不可或缺。一般來說，類似奶酪蘇這樣的奶制品外加一杯熱牛奶或者熱巧克力已經(jīng)足以提供整個(gè)半天考試所需的熱量，當(dāng)然，這也因人而異。有些體質(zhì)虛弱的同學(xué)也可以考慮服用一些如西洋參、雞精這樣的營(yíng)養(yǎng)品。不過，安眠藥等有副作用的藥物一定要慎用，否則過猶不及。
三. 心理
古人云，不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，很大程度上取決于心理因素。隨著四六級(jí)考試改革的深入，會(huì)有更多，更新，更難的題目，包括作文題目出現(xiàn)，這樣就要求我們有處驚不變的能力。即使是出現(xiàn)某種沒有預(yù)料到的題型，考生也應(yīng)該及時(shí)調(diào)整心態(tài)、從容不迫地應(yīng)答。事實(shí)上，歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明：題目要求越是高，難度越是大，考生的發(fā)揮余地也就越大。挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇是成正相關(guān)的。
四. 評(píng)分
知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不怠。熟悉老師的評(píng)分習(xí)慣，對(duì)于考生正常、甚至是超常發(fā)揮自身水平也十分有益。正常情況下，閱卷老師要領(lǐng)會(huì)貫徹考試規(guī)定的評(píng)分原則，依照文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言水平進(jìn)行評(píng)分。然而，除此以外，有“兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)”我們也需要給予足夠的重視——閃光點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。在一篇出類拔萃的范文中，我們往往可以看到像提問法、諺語(yǔ)總結(jié)法、從句、并列句、理由段公式、理由詞匯、路線句型、插入語(yǔ)、名詞化、和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等等閃光點(diǎn);而在一篇低分例文中，基本的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤則多得數(shù)不勝數(shù)。
五. 審題
磨刀不誤砍柴工。在落筆前花兩三分鐘時(shí)間進(jìn)行構(gòu)思，既有利于理清行文思路、也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遺憾。尤其是在應(yīng)對(duì)圖表類作文時(shí)，我們更是要看清圖表，牢牢把握各個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的變化和相互關(guān)系，才能夠下筆。否則張冠李戴，即使文章本身再不同凡響、語(yǔ)驚四座，也只會(huì)竹籃打水、甚至起到適得其反的效果。
六. 卷面
對(duì)于像作文這樣的主觀題而言，考生與閱卷老師從來就猶如搏弈，無形中彼此互動(dòng)、相互影響。一個(gè)考生可以做的，首先是通過卷面給閱卷老師下意識(shí)地傳達(dá)個(gè)人信息。用筆的顏色、粗細(xì)，整齊劃一的`格式，明了的段落感，清晰的字?jǐn)?shù)感，工整的字跡都會(huì)給任何閱讀者留下深刻的正面印象，從而使考生先發(fā)制人、取得先機(jī)。
七. 結(jié)構(gòu)
有始有終、首尾照應(yīng)，是任何一篇好文章的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，也是兩大評(píng)分原則之一。如果說廣大考生已經(jīng)給第一段以足夠重視的話，那么是不是大多數(shù)考生都意識(shí)到了理由段的條理和最后一段的呼應(yīng)在全文中所具有的不可忽視的地位了呢?其實(shí)，要寫好理由段，我們只需要注意表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的銜接詞即可。而要寫好結(jié)尾，最好的方法莫過于溫故而知新，回顧第一段的大致內(nèi)容了。
八. 表達(dá)
言之無文，行而不遠(yuǎn)。語(yǔ)言作為評(píng)分原則中的基本要素之一，在四六級(jí)作文評(píng)分的整個(gè)過程中具有決定性作用。有評(píng)分老師甚至斷言：“It is not what you say, it is the way that you say it.”雖然這種說法本身似乎有失偏頗，可是參加過國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化英語(yǔ)考試的同學(xué)應(yīng)該也聽說過那么一句話，叫做：“Give the monkey exactly what he wants.”，不是嗎?譬如同樣是描述數(shù)據(jù)，一些同學(xué)拘泥于圖表本身，動(dòng)輒按部就班地引用圖表上現(xiàn)成的數(shù)字和年代，其實(shí)這都是圖表作文的忌諱。聰明的同學(xué)引而不用，他們常喜歡用倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分比、或者一些動(dòng)詞來表現(xiàn)極端數(shù)據(jù)，動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)以及他們的相異之處。
九. 檢查
行百里者半九十。一篇成功的作文少不了反復(fù)推敲、一再修改。然而，由于考試時(shí)間和條件等諸多因素的限制，考生絕對(duì)需要慎重對(duì)待作文的檢查和修改。這里，我不得不提考生檢查作文時(shí)的三大“通病”，即，數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)、孤芳自賞、和做結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容上的修改。我們必須明確：考試作文的潤(rùn)色和修改只需要達(dá)到三個(gè)目的即可：1. 拼寫正確，看文章中是否有漢字、多余符號(hào)、糊亂涂改、劃線、和錯(cuò)別字;2. 搭配正確;和3. 語(yǔ)法正確，特別是人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、和單復(fù)數(shù)的三"一致"。
魯迅先生說過，世界上本沒有路，走的人多了也就成了路。我們要善于在學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)、總結(jié)和運(yùn)用規(guī)律，這樣才能夠在復(fù)習(xí)迎考的過程中事半功倍，百尺竿頭、更進(jìn)一步。路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮，愿以此文拋磚引玉。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文復(fù)習(xí)的技巧
技巧1：簡(jiǎn)潔才是美
好的寫作，首先而且至關(guān)重要的一點(diǎn)就是簡(jiǎn)潔。繁冗的寫作堆砌了許多無用的詞藻，反而減弱表述的清晰度。當(dāng)然，也不能僅僅因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)短就認(rèn)為短句一定優(yōu)于長(zhǎng)句。只要一個(gè)單詞確實(shí)能起到一定的作用，它就應(yīng)該留在句中。一般來說，只有在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)或修飾、美化句子時(shí)，才能使用重復(fù)的單詞、語(yǔ)音和短語(yǔ)。修改文章，就是要?jiǎng)h繁就簡(jiǎn)。比較下面這對(duì)句子，注意體會(huì)二者的差別及效果。
1) Dr. Sun Yat-sen went to Japan by means of a big boat.
2) Dr. Sun Yat-sen went to Japan by boat.
斜體字部分較啰嗦，因?yàn)?quot;by"就是"by means of boat"。
策略之一：用介詞短語(yǔ)替代從句。
例:
Wordy: While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.
Better: During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.
Wordy: When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.
Better: At the second traffic light turn left.
2 策略之二：刪除諸如"who is”或"that is"之類的關(guān)系代詞，變從句為短語(yǔ)。
例:
Wordy: The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.
Better: The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.
注：把句中的”three parts”改用形容詞來表達(dá)，節(jié)省了四個(gè)不必要的單詞”which is written in”。我們經(jīng)�？梢詫㈥P(guān)系代詞如”that”去掉，這只會(huì)引起最少的變動(dòng)。
策略之三：剔除你不需要的單詞
"Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call. "
寫完這樣的句子后，你自己再讀一遍，挑出單詞”joint”和”telephone”，注意刪去不必要的詞。
2 策略之四：表達(dá)否定意義時(shí)，盡量避免使用否定詞。英語(yǔ)中很多詞不用 "no’s" 或者"not’s"也能表達(dá)否定含義的詞匯，你盡可以采取更為委婉的表達(dá)方式。
例：
Thus college students who do not have sufficient financial backing ,
也就是 college students who lacks sufficient financial backing。
如果你不想使用太多的否定詞，就應(yīng)該盡量避免使用它們。
技巧2：平行結(jié)構(gòu)
相似的思想應(yīng)用相似的形式表達(dá)出來。句子的成份相近，則也應(yīng)以相似的形式出現(xiàn)。請(qǐng)注意以下標(biāo)有"NO"的句子是不規(guī)范的。
No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.
Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.
(并列時(shí)態(tài))
No: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.
Yes: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.
(形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.
Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.
(不定冠詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.
Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.
(不定式的平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days.
Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days.
(介詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.
Yes: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust.
(并列謂語(yǔ))
No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.
Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use.
(并列帶有定冠詞"the"的名詞)
No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.
Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees.
(并列被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese War and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
(并列過去完成時(shí))
No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.
Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful.
(形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly.
Yes: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and his rapidly failing health.
(作賓語(yǔ)的名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: They bought the house for location and affordability.
Yes: They bought the house because of its location and its affordability.
(并列名詞;注意代詞的所有格)
No: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?
Yes: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and unimportant?
(形容詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: This could be a problem for both the winners and for those who lose.
Yes: This could be a problem for both the winners and losers.
(名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))
No: The prisoner was not only found guilty of bribery but also adultery.
Yes: The prisoner was found guilty not only of bribery but also of adultery.
(并列介詞短語(yǔ))
為使平行結(jié)構(gòu)清楚明了，隨時(shí)都可以重復(fù)介詞、冠詞、助動(dòng)詞、不定詞標(biāo)志，或者長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)或句子的介紹詞。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作模板
(1) 不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型( 選擇型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___觀點(diǎn)二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點(diǎn)一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點(diǎn)一______. In addition, ____缺點(diǎn)二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.
( 3 ) 答題性議論文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文題目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途徑一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
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