四級英語考試的必備閱讀技巧

　　在大學(xué)英語四級考試中，閱讀理解是需要考生準(zhǔn)備一些技巧的。為此百分網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)�來大學(xué)英語四級考試的閱讀理解的必備技巧。

　　英語四級考試的閱讀必備技巧：推斷題

　　推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章陳述的觀點或描述的事實進(jìn)行推斷，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。推斷需建立在對文章相關(guān)信息透徹理解的基礎(chǔ)上，即根據(jù)題目要求與提示，找到文正相關(guān)信息且準(zhǔn)確把握其深層含義或句間的邏輯關(guān)系，得出正確的推論。

　　1.正確選項特征

　　(1)凡是能從文中合理推斷出的信息，都與主旨相關(guān);

　　(2)合理推斷只能從原文提供的信息范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行推斷，不能憑借經(jīng)驗或常識進(jìn)行推理。

　　2.錯誤選項特征

　　(1)過度推理：備選項雖是從文中信息推出，但超出文章范圍，屬于過度推理;

　　(2)常識干擾：符合常識但是不是從文中推理出來的;

　　(3)曲解文意：對文中信息的曲解，推理錯誤。

　　3.答題技巧

　　(1) 正確選項中經(jīng)常含有不肯定或者委婉詞匯，表示不絕對化。此類詞匯有may,could,probably,sometimes,usually,often等;

　　(2)在推斷選項中，錯誤選項長含有絕對化詞匯。如：never,always,absolutely,nothing,everyone,necessary,indispensable等;

　　(3)正確選項多是概括性選項，合乎常理且意思深刻;而照搬原文或?qū)υ�文作字面解釋的選項則不是正確答案;

　　英語四級考試的閱讀必備技巧：主旨要義題

　　主要考察大家對整篇文章的理解能力。主要是對文章的中心思想、文章標(biāo)題和作者的寫作目的進(jìn)行提問。解決此類問題，最有效的辦法就是抓住文章的主題句、歸納出中心思想。

　　1.正確選型特征：

　　(1) 選項應(yīng)包括文章的核心詞匯，這類題經(jīng)常在文中出現(xiàn);

　　(2) 選項應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確，不能與原文信息相悖。

　　2.錯誤選項特征：

　　和細(xì)節(jié)題的判斷方法基本一致，就不重復(fù)了。

　　3.解題技巧：

　　(1) 首先考慮概括性較強的選項、忌選擇內(nèi)容片面的`選項;

　　(2) 干擾項也會出現(xiàn)概括范圍過大的情況，即概括內(nèi)容超出文章闡述內(nèi)容;

　　(3) 備選項中出現(xiàn)意義相近的選項時，應(yīng)仔細(xì)比較詞義的細(xì)微差別，一般其中之一為正確選項。

　　英語四級考試的閱讀練習(xí)題

　　It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (約束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:

　　I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔間) offices and window offices.I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.

　　It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probablyhave to ask for it.

　　Performance is your best bargaining chip (籌碼) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are beingmade, you are more likely to get the raise you want.

　　Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?

　　Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.

　　練習(xí)題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.

　　A. demonstrate his capability

　　B. give his boss a good impression

　　C. ask for as much money as he can

　　D. ask for the salary he hopes to get

　　2. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?

　　A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.

　　B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.

　　C. People should not be content with what they have got.

　　D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.

　　3. We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A. unfairness exists in salary increases

　　B. most people are overworked and underpaid

　　C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance

　　D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises

　　4. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.

　　A. advertise himself on the job market

　　B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract

　　C) try to get inside information about the organization

　　D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions

　　5. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.

　　A. meet his boss at the appropriate time

　　B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually

　　C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction

　　D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes

　　1.[D] 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第1句。開頭立論：“It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在進(jìn)入公司以前就談妥你的最初工資要求要更容易些”。因此，在接受一份工作前應(yīng)該先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意C中as much…as he can意思太絕對，不妥。

　　2.[B] 推理判斷題。Beth的故事是為了證明第1段提出的觀點，主要依據(jù)第2段第1句，第3段最后一句再次印證。核心詞為ask for。

　　3.[A] 推理判斷題。從Beth的故事中不難總結(jié)出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就會得到滿足;你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考慮。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主觀因素，故而unfair。直接依據(jù)為第3段第1句。

　　4.[D] 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第3段，performance“工作表現(xiàn)”，timing“抓住時機”和information“利用信息”是加薪的三大籌碼。D與其中對timing的闡述一致。

　　5.[C] 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段指出，帶著準(zhǔn)備好的籌碼去跟老板商談加薪，并在合適的時候拿出來,而且要運用一定的交際手段引導(dǎo)談判的發(fā)展方向，即C。注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time “在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候拿出籌碼”不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。

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