中學(xué)英語作文寫作指南
在日常生活或是工作學(xué)習(xí)中，大家都跟作文打過交道吧，借助作文人們可以實現(xiàn)文化交流的目的。寫起作文來就毫無頭緒？以下是小編收集整理的中學(xué)英語作文寫作指南，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
中學(xué)英語作文寫作指南
開頭句型
1.As far as ...is concerned就……而言
2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...
3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地說......
4.As the proverb says， 正如諺語所說的，
5.It has to be noticed that... 它必須注意到，...
6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍認(rèn)為...
7.It's likely that ... 這可能是因為...
8.It's hardly that... 這是很難的......
9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它幾乎沒有太多的說…
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特別注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that...毫無疑問，無可否認(rèn)
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 沒有什么比這更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的是…
銜接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一個典型的例子是...
2.As is often the case...由于通常情況下...
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而問題并非如此簡單，所以……
5.But it's a pity that... 但遺憾的是…
6.For all that...對于這一切...... In spite of the fact that...盡管事實......
7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我們堅持認(rèn)為，...
8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困難在于…
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同樣，我們要注意...
10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是
11.In view of the present station.鑒于目前形勢
12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 從這個角度上我們可以說
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我們還得看到事物的另一方面，即 …
結(jié)尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要說…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我們有理由相信…
3.All things considered,總而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地說......
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看來，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通過以上討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通過數(shù)據(jù)我們得到的結(jié)論是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...從中我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看來……也許更好
舉例句型
1.Let's take...to illustrate this.
2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3. Here is one more example.
4.Take … for example.
5.The same is true of….
6.This offers a typical instance of….
7.We may quote a common example of….
8.Just think of….
常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人認(rèn)為…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地說，我不能同意他們的意見，理由如下。
2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年來，……一直被視為……，但今天的情況有很大的不同。
3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我認(rèn)為這個論點是正確的，因為…
4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我無法完全同意這一觀點的… I believe….
5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我對這個問題的看法如下。
6. Along with the development of…, more and more….隨著……的發(fā)展，越來越多…
7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一個長期運行的辯論，是否…
8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是認(rèn)為…
9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。
10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在給出我的觀點之前，我想有必要看看雙方的論據(jù)。
表示比較和對比的常用句型和表達(dá)法
1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3. A and B differ in….
4. A differs from B in….
5. The difference between A and
B is/lies in/exists in….
6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….
7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….
8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….
9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….
11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….
演繹法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有幾個原因……，但一般，他們可以歸結(jié)為三個主要的。
2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有許多因素可能占...但以下是最典型的。
3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解決這個問題，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般來說，這些優(yōu)勢可以列舉如下。
5. The reasons are as follows.
因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot. 由于閱讀這本書，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)到了很多。
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多導(dǎo)致超重。
英語作文經(jīng)典開頭方式
Type1引述他人觀點(為提出自己觀點鋪墊)
[1] It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT
[2] A widely accepted(commonly) hold idea(point of view,viewpoint, opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP
[3] A/The dominant(prevalent, prevailing)idea(see [2])is NP/to DO
[4] It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it for granted THAT)
[5] People(The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see [2]),without questioning,THAT )
[6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ
[7] People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO
Type2提出異議
[1] However (But),…
[2] Such idea(see[1-2]),if not entirely ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.
ADJI=ueasonable,unacceptable, inappropriate,improper,undesirable,etc;
ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul, etc
[3] In fact(As a matter of fact),…(follow[2])
[4] However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case. (
[5] This (It) is not (quite, necessarily) the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion)
Type3論述的展開:說明原因和理由,層進(jìn),舉例,轉(zhuǎn)折
[1] The reason lies in several aspects, (
[2] The reason why+clause+[1, underlined] (
[3] There are several remarkable reasons. (
[4] 層進(jìn)in addition, besides, fruthermore, what's more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one thing…for another; finally, above all, in short.
[5] 舉例for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific terms),a typical (striking) example is that, a case in point
[6] 轉(zhuǎn)折however, but, nevertheless,on the contrary
[7] 條件if , provided that, unless, as long as,etc
Type4 就…而言;關(guān)于
[1] as far as …is/are concemed: As far as current situation is concerned
[2] as t the problem as to NP有關(guān)…的問題
Type5問題
[1] Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory (or: the problem remains unsolved, little improvement has been achieved)
[2] There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed out (shown, revealed, indicated),+THAT
[3] There is growing concern about +NP
[4] It will inevitably (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP)
[5] Unfortunately,…
[6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.
[7] The process, once initiated, is most likely irreversible.
[8] We are constantly (frequently) faced with NP (
TYPE6重要與必要;(應(yīng))注意與重視
[1] NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance) (
[2] The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that…
[3] NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2
[4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous)
[5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2)
[6] It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT)
[7] Special attention should be pay to …(or: We should pay special attention to…)
[8] What we should take into consideration is +NP
Type7行動
[1](immediate, emergent, effective) Measures are being taken (has been taken, should be taken) to DO
[2] We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make (cf. We have learnt a lot, there is much more we need to lea123)
英語作文的結(jié)尾方式示例
文章結(jié)尾的作用是概括全文內(nèi)容,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想,使文章意義表達(dá)得更加深刻。
文章結(jié)尾的形式也是多種多樣的,常見的有以下幾種:
1、首尾呼應(yīng),畫龍點睛
在文章的結(jié)尾,把含義較深的話放在末尾,以點明主題,深化主題,起到畫龍點睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her” (我忘不了她)的結(jié)尾:
After her death,I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away,but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2、重復(fù)主題句
結(jié)尾回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上,達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我愛家鄉(xiāng))的結(jié)尾:
I love my home town,and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.
3、自然結(jié)尾
隨著文章的結(jié)束,文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。如“Fishing”(釣魚)的結(jié)尾:
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours,but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing,we lay down on the river bank,bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4、含蓄性的結(jié)尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點明作者的看法,而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的結(jié)尾:
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat,but on every face there was a smile.
5、用反問結(jié)尾
雖然形式是問句,但意義卻是肯定的,并具有特別的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,引起讀者深思。如“Should We Learn to Do Housework?”(我們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?) 的結(jié)尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don’t you agree,boys and girls?
6、指明方向,激勵讀者
結(jié)尾表示對將來的展望,或期待讀者投入行動。如“Let’s Go in for Sports”(讓我們參加體育運動)的結(jié)尾:
As we have said above,sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let’s go in for sports.
文章的結(jié)尾沒有一定的模式,可以根據(jù)表達(dá)主題的需要靈活創(chuàng)造。一般的習(xí)慣是,一些記敘文和描寫文經(jīng)常采用自然結(jié)尾的方法;但說理性和邏輯性較強(qiáng)的說明文和議論文則往往都有結(jié)束語,以便使文章首尾呼應(yīng),結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
英語作文記敘文寫作技巧
記敘文是記人敘事的文章,它主要是用于說明事件的時間、背景、起因、過程及結(jié)果,即我們通常所說的五個" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一個" H "( how )。記敘文的重點在于"述說"和"描寫",因此一篇好的記敘文要敘述條理清楚,描寫生動形象。下面就談?wù)動⒄Z記敘文的特點和寫好記敘文的基本要領(lǐng)。
一、記敘文的特點
1. 敘述的人稱
英語的記敘文一般是以第一或第三人稱的角度來敘述的。用第一稱表示的是由敘述者親眼所見、親耳所聞的經(jīng)歷。它的優(yōu)點在于能把故事的情節(jié)通過"我"來傳達(dá)給讀者,使人讀后感到真實可信,如身臨其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人稱敘述,優(yōu)點在于敘述者不受"我"活動范圍以內(nèi)的人和事物的限制,而是通過作者與讀者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情節(jié)展現(xiàn)在讀者面前,文章的客觀性很強(qiáng)。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 動詞的時態(tài)
在記敘文中,記和敘都離不開動詞。所以動詞出現(xiàn)率最高,且富于變化。記敘文中用得最多的是動詞的過去的,這是英語記敘文區(qū)別于漢語記敘文的關(guān)鍵之處。英語寫作的優(yōu)美之處就在于這些動詞時態(tài)的變化,正是這一點才使得所記、所敘有鮮活的動態(tài)感、鮮明的層次感和立體感。
3. 敘述的順序
記敘一件事要有一定的順序。無論是順敘、倒敘、插敘還是補(bǔ)敘,都要讓讀者能弄清事情的來龍去脈。順敘最容易操作,較容易給讀者提供有關(guān)事情的空間和時間線索。但這種方法也容易使文章顯得平鋪直敘,讀起來平淡乏味。倒敘、插敘、補(bǔ)敘等敘述方法能有效地提高
文章的結(jié)構(gòu)效果,讓所敘之事跌宕起伏,使讀者在閱讀時思維產(chǎn)生較大的跳躍,從而為文章所吸引,深入其中。但這些方法如果使用不當(dāng),則容易弄巧成拙,使文章結(jié)構(gòu)散亂,頭緒不清,讓讀者不知所云。
4. 敘述的過渡
過渡在上下文中起著承上啟下、融會貫通的作用。過渡往往用在地點轉(zhuǎn)移或時間、事件轉(zhuǎn)換以及由概括說明到具體敘述時。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the suise.
The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5. 敘述與對話
引用故事情節(jié)中主要人物的對話是記敘文提高表現(xiàn)力的一種好方法。適當(dāng)?shù)赜弥苯右Z代替間接的主觀敘述,可以客觀生動地反映人物的性格、品質(zhì)和心理狀態(tài),使記敘生動、有趣,使文章內(nèi)容更加充實、具體。試比較下面兩段的敘述效果: (
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released. 這本來應(yīng)是一段故事性很強(qiáng)的文字,但經(jīng)作者這么一寫,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是敘述模式,沒有人物語言,把"懸念"給沖淡了�？勺魅缦抡{(diào)整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "It's you." I said, quite released.
二、寫好記敘文的基本要領(lǐng)
1. 頭緒分明,脈絡(luò)清楚 )
寫好記敘文,首先要頭緒分明,脈絡(luò)清楚,明確文章要求寫什么。要對所寫的事件或人物進(jìn)行分析,弄清事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展一直到結(jié)束的整個過程,然后再選取素材。這些素材都應(yīng)該跟上述五個" W "和一個" H "有關(guān)。盡管不是每篇記敘文里都必須包括這些" W "和" H ",但動筆之前,圍繞五個" W "和" H "進(jìn)行構(gòu)思是必不可少的。 集整理)
2. 突出中心,詳略得當(dāng)
在文章的框架確定后,對支持故事的素材的選取是很關(guān)鍵的。選材要注意取舍,應(yīng)該從表現(xiàn)文章主題的需要出發(fā),分清主次,定好詳略。要突出重點,詳寫細(xì)述那些能表現(xiàn)文章主題的重要情節(jié),略寫粗述那么非關(guān)鍵的次要情節(jié)。面面俱到反而使情節(jié)羅列化,使人不得要領(lǐng)。這一點是寫好記敘文要解決的一個基本問題,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days." I took some food with me and went.
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破壞外貌) by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.
寫好作文五要素：要點+結(jié)構(gòu)+邏輯+語法+亮點
1.要點：缺少要點就會扣分。所以要點要做到全，圍繞中心。
2.結(jié)構(gòu)：中考最流行的結(jié)構(gòu)就是三段式 “觀點——要點——總結(jié)”讓人一目了然。三段式的第一段：簡單明了，開門見山，不超過2句話 第二段：可以分析原因。 第三段：經(jīng)過第二段的論證，可以得出結(jié)論。但請注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升華。也可以提出希望和建議等。
3.邏輯：通過使用邏輯詞體現(xiàn)文章的思路。
4.語法：語法是硬性的。如單詞的使用，時態(tài)等要注意。
5.亮點：高級一點的詞匯，詞組，句型便是我們得到一等文的最有力的絕招。所以一般詞匯要限量用。
如何開頭
1. “開門見山”式開頭
一般來說，文章的開頭應(yīng)盡量做到“開門見山”，即要用簡單明了的語言引出文章的話題，使人一開始就能了解文章要說明的內(nèi)容。
�、� 對于敘事類的文章，可以在開頭把人物、時間、事件和環(huán)境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭可以是：Last month，my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us。
�、� 對于論述性的文章，可以在開頭處先闡明自己的觀點，接著展開進(jìn)一步的論述。如“The Time and the Money(時間和金錢)”的開頭可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don't think so. First，when money is used up，you can earn it back，but……
2. 回憶性開頭
在描述事件或游記類的文章中，采用回憶性的開頭往往更能吸引人的眼球。這種類型的開頭中通常含有描述自己心情或情緒的詞匯，如never forget (永遠(yuǎn)無法忘記)、 remember (記得)、unforgettable (難以忘懷的)、 exciting(令人激動的)、surprising(令人驚訝的)、sad (難過的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭還以這樣寫：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had。
3. 疑問性開頭
在敘事類或論述性的文章中，都可采用疑問型開頭，這樣既可以吸引閱卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(種樹)”的開頭可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don't you think planting trees is…… 再如“Traveling Abroad (出國之旅)”的開頭可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?
4. 倒敘式開頭
在有的文章，特別是敘事類的文章中，可以采用倒敘的寫作手法，先寫出事件的結(jié)果，再陳述過程。如“Catching Thieves (捉賊)”的開頭可以這樣寫：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It's a …… story。
開頭經(jīng)典句子
1. 不用說…… It goes without saying that … = (It is) needless to say (that) …. = It is obvious that …. 例：不用說早睡早起是值得的。
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
2. 在各種……之中，…… Among various kinds of …… /= Of all the …, …
例︰在各種運動中我尤其喜歡慢跑。
Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.
3. 就我的看法……；我認(rèn)為……
In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….= As far as I am concerned, …= I am of the opinion that …. 例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health. 就我的看法打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健康。
4. 隨著人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …
隨著科技的進(jìn)步…… With the advance of science and technology, …
例：With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass. 隨著臺灣經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展許多社會問題產(chǎn)生了。
5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that …
……是重要的 It is important / essential (for sb.) to do / that …
……是適當(dāng)?shù)?It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …
……是緊急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …
例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.
It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)保持公共場所清潔。
6. As we know, we students are very tired because of study.
7. Just as the saying goes: “Every coin has its two sides”,television has both advantages and disadvantages.正像諺語所說：“任何硬幣都有兩面”，電視即有優(yōu)點也有缺點。
8. The problem of ...is important/serious/...to us. Now let me talk something about it.
9. It is said that + 句子 據(jù)說… It is reported that + 句子 據(jù)報道…
10. We' re often told that ......But is this really the case ?
我們經(jīng)常被告知......但事實真是這樣嗎？
11. People used to ......however, things are quite different today.
過去，人們習(xí)慣......但,今天的情況有很大的不同。
12. Some people think that ......Others believe that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth in both sides. But we must realize that...
一些人認(rèn)為......另一些人持相反意見。也許雙方的觀點都有一定道理。但是我們必須認(rèn)識到......
13. 每當(dāng)我聽到……我就忍不住感到興奮。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.
每當(dāng)我做……我就忍不住感到悲傷。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.
每當(dāng)我想到……我就忍不住感到緊張。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.
每當(dāng)我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened. 每當(dāng)我看到……我就忍不住感到驚訝。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.
例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.
= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.
每當(dāng)我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲傷。
14. ……the + ~ est + 名詞 +（that）+ 主詞 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc) /
……the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 +（that）+ 主詞 + have ever + seen（known/heard/had/read, etc） Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。
Yao Ming is the tallest basketball player that I have ever seen. 姚明是我所見過的最高的籃球運動員 Liu Xiang is the most hardworking sportsman that I have ever seen. 劉翔是我所見過的最勤奮的運動員。
15. Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V/Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V
Nothing is more important than to receive education. 沒有比接受教育更重要的事。
Nothing is more important than to protect our environment. 沒有什么比環(huán)保更重要的事。
Nothing is more important than to gain knowledge. 沒有什么比學(xué)習(xí)知識更重要的事。
16. …….cannot emphasize the importance of……. too much.（再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)...的重要性也不為過。） We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。
We cannot emphasize the importance of education.
我們再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的重要性也不為過。
17. There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否認(rèn)的??）
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。
There is no denying that Lin Zhiling is the most charming actress I have ever seen.
不可否認(rèn)，林志玲是我所見過的最有魅力的女演員。
18. It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道??）
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。
19. There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫無疑問的??）
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。
20. An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子（??的優(yōu)點是??）
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
使用太陽能的優(yōu)點是它不會制造任何污染。
An advantage of taking exercises is that it can make us keep healthy.
鍛煉身體的優(yōu)點是它可以讓我們保持健康。
21. The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（??的原因是??）
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。
22. So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子（如此??以致于??）
So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 時間是如此珍貴，它經(jīng)不起我們浪費。
So beautiful is Xi Shi that we all like her. 西施是如此美麗，以致于我們都喜歡她。
23. Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S + V~~~ （雖然??）
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不}
雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對令人不滿意。
結(jié)尾五方式
1. 自然結(jié)尾，點明主題
隨著文章的結(jié)束，文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。如“Helping the Policeman (幫助警察)”的結(jié)尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龜兔賽跑)” 的結(jié)尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2. 首尾呼應(yīng)，升華主題
在文章的結(jié)尾可以用含義較深的話點明主題，深化主題，起到“畫龍點睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我愛家鄉(xiāng))”的結(jié)尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
3. 反問結(jié)尾，引起深思
這種方式的結(jié)尾雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，而且具有一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，可引起他人的深
思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (學(xué)英語能為我們帶來許多樂趣)” 的結(jié)尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can ?Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
4. 表達(dá)祝愿，闡述愿望
這種方式的結(jié)尾常出現(xiàn)在書信或演講稿的文體中，表示對他人的祝�；�?qū)淼恼雇�。如“A Letter to the Farmers(給農(nóng)民們的一封信)”的結(jié)尾可以是：I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.
5. 另外，書信的結(jié)尾常有以下形式的祝福語：Best wishes; I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year; I wish you have a good time等。
結(jié)尾常用句型
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that?
把所有這些因素加以考慮，我們自然會得出結(jié)論?
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that?
考慮所有這些因素，我們可能會得出合理的結(jié)論?
3、Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that?
因此，我們最好得出這樣的結(jié)論?
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.
毫無疑問，跳槽有優(yōu)點也有缺點。
5、All in all, we cannot live without? But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
總之，我們沒有?是無法生活的。但同時，我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現(xiàn)的新問題。
6、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend)。
該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了。
7、It is time to take the advice of ? and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ?
該是采納?的建議，并對?的進(jìn)展給予特殊重視的時候了。
8、Only we in this way can we achieve the goal.
只有這樣我們才能達(dá)到我們的目標(biāo)。
常用過渡語
1. 表起始的過渡語:first of all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, so far, as far as等
2. 表時間的過渡語:first, at first, then, later, in the end, finally, afterwards, after that, since then, for the first time, at last, as soon as, the next moment, meanwhile, later on, soon, finally等
3. 表空間的過渡語:on the right/left, to the right/left of, on one side of… on the other side of…, at the foot/top/end of, in the middle/centre of, next to, far from, in front of等
4. 表因果的過渡語:for, because of, one reason is that… another reason is that…, thus, so, as a result (of)等
5. 表轉(zhuǎn)折的過渡語:but, yet, however, after all, in fact, while, on the contrary, instead of, unlike, although, otherwise, nevertheless, in spite of, after all等
6. 表列舉的過渡語:for example, such as, that is, like, as follows, in other words, and so on等
7. 表推進(jìn)的過渡語:what’s more, on one hand… on the other hand…, in addition to, as well, still, also, in other words, not only…but also…, besides, furthermore, moreover等
8. 表總結(jié)的過渡語:in short, in a word, in general, in brief, in all, on the whole等
常用的名言警句
1. Actions speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯
2. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難朋友才是真朋友
3. A good beginning is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半
4. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成
5. All roads lead to Rome. 條條大道通羅馬
6. Easier said than done. 說起來容易,做起來難
7. Easy come, easy go. 來得快,去得快
8. Every man has his weak side. 人人都有缺點
9. Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母
10. Look before you leap. 三思而后行
11. Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上無難事,只怕有心人.
12. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人若無友,就如同生命中沒有太陽.
13. All things are difficult before they are easy. 萬事開頭難.
14. Always prepare for a rainy day. 未雨綢繆.
15. As you sow, so shall you reap. 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆
16. I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. 成功要靠三件事才能贏得:努力,努力,再努力
17. Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 有事莫推明天.
18. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧
19. Bad news has wings. 好事不出門,壞事傳千里
20. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以誠信為本.
21. You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success. 你必須相信自己,這是成功的關(guān)鍵.
22. Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不可以貌取人.
23. Lost time is never found again. 歲月既往，一去不回。
中學(xué)英語作文寫作高分技巧
1、緊扣主題，短文必須包括提綱中的`全部要點;與主題無關(guān)或關(guān)系不大的字句必須一律刪去。
2、文章通順，前后貫通，語言流暢。
3、句子開頭多樣化，句型多樣化。
4、無句型結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤，無語法錯誤和用語造句等方面的錯誤。
5、短文字?jǐn)?shù)不得少于150個字。
對考研英語短文的策略：
1.分配好短文各部分篇幅比例
根據(jù)在40分鐘內(nèi)寫150詞的《大綱》要求，合理分配各部分篇幅比例顯得非常重要。篇幅比例安排大致如下：
(1)開頭：可控制在4句話之內(nèi)，以2——3句較為適宜。該部分約占全文篇幅的10%——15%。
(2)主體：約占全篇短文的70%——80%。
(3)結(jié)尾：這部分應(yīng)控制在2——3句話之內(nèi)，約占全文篇幅10——15%。
2.合理分配時間
應(yīng)該切記短文寫作時間僅為40分鐘，在這較短的時間內(nèi)考生需完成120——150詞的短文。這就要求考生做到有條不紊、忙而不亂，充分發(fā)揮自己應(yīng)有的水平。從而穩(wěn)操勝券，駕輕就熟，從容應(yīng)對。建議考生在動筆之前，用5分鐘的時間寫個提綱理清思路，然后再動筆。此外，要留出5——6分鐘來修改抄寫。以避免不必要的筆誤，給評卷老師留下良好的印象。
3.審題——緊扣主題的關(guān)鍵
所謂審題，就是正確理解題意，所寫短文要緊扣題目要求。從每年的英文短文考題可看出，除了題目外，還有開頭第一句話和一個寫作提綱。這個寫作提綱就是短文的寫作具體范圍。考生必須以指定的句子開頭，按寫作提綱規(guī)定的要點和順序(通常是3個要點)往下寫。
通常3個要點就是寫三段話，每段開頭(除第一段已給了外)第一句話必須把該段寫作提綱中的主要的詞或主要意思包括進(jìn)去，這就是段落中心句。每段其他句子必須緊扣該段的段落中心句，與段落中心句無關(guān)的句子或關(guān)系不大的句子必須堅決刪去。由于寫作提綱中所給的3個要點(即關(guān)鍵詞)已包括在每段開頭的段落中心句(即每段開頭的第一句)中，而每段的其他句子又緊扣段落中心句，這就使每段的內(nèi)容緊扣主題，而不至離開主題去談別的問題，這就是抓住主題的關(guān)鍵。
中學(xué)英語作文寫作竅門
【開頭句式】
1.開頭萬能公式一：名人名言
有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦?尤其是英語名言?”，很好辦：編!
原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦!而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢!對吧?
經(jīng)典句型：
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (適用于已記住的名言)
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用于自編名言)
更多經(jīng)典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2. 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計
原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。
原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：
Honesty
根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。
Youth
根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
【結(jié)尾句式】
1. 結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論
說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：
Obviously(此為過渡短語), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了!
更多過渡短語：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2. 結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議
如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽!
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來經(jīng)�？歼@個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢?
更多句型：
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
【寫作絕招】
寫作的“七項基本原則”：
1、 長短句原則
工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人!寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
Asa creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet theprimarry need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectualneed of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
如此可見，長短句結(jié)合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉?牢記!
強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短，且先長后短;在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。
2、 主題句原則
國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感!相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭(保險型)或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事!
特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
3、 一二三原則
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 如此羅嗦�？僧吘惯�是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推薦，原因：俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦，原因：俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦，原因：俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦，原因：俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點的情況)
10)for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點的情況)
建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應(yīng)該條理清楚!
4、 短語優(yōu)先原則
寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認(rèn)識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦?用短語是一個辦法!比如：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.
I want it.
可以用短語表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it.
這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。
5、 多實少虛原則
原因很簡單，寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應(yīng)該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：
走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slip out of the room
小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sail out of the room
小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：dance outof the room
老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：stagger out of the room
所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩!
6、 多變句式原則
1)加法(串聯(lián))
都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說：
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.
如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式：
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
其它的短語可以用：
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2)轉(zhuǎn)折(拐彎抹角)
批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
The coat was thin, but it was warm.
更多的短語：
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3)因果(so, so, so)
昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d，然后我們認(rèn)識了，然后我們成為了朋友…可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系!
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短語：
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4)失衡句(頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重)
有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。
舉例：This is what I can do.
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分：
When to go, Why he goes away…
5)附加(多此一舉)
如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當(dāng)你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他;或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其實很簡單，同位語--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構(gòu)成;定語從句—借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。
6)排比(排山倒海句)
文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達(dá)將會使文章有排山倒海之勢!
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat,the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢恢宏)
要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
7、 挑戰(zhàn)極限原則
既然十挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀!
原理：在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領(lǐng)會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪!
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