被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義及其應(yīng)用
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 下面是百分網(wǎng)小編給大家整理的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)介，希望能幫到大家!
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義
在英語(yǔ)中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用得比漢語(yǔ)要多，要普遍，但大多數(shù)句子都使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中極為重要。許多課本及考試乃至實(shí)際應(yīng)用中都常常涉及到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者，不必說(shuō)出執(zhí)行者或含糊不清的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。需要注意的是，許多地方與漢語(yǔ)不同。注意：那些漢語(yǔ)中有“被……”的短語(yǔ)往往又不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。還有些特殊現(xiàn)象，如：“known to me的意思，英語(yǔ)卻應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)態(tài)。還要注意，英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)往往由“by”引出，而有用介詞“by on foot”步行(美國(guó)人有時(shí)用“by foot”)，“in carriage”(乘四輪馬車(chē))等等。還有假主動(dòng)，真被動(dòng)的十幾個(gè)常用詞的用法，以及“so heavy to carry”而不用“so heavy to be carried”等習(xí)慣用法。有關(guān)這類(lèi)情況，做到心中有數(shù)對(duì)全面掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地解答習(xí)題非常關(guān)鍵，被動(dòng)態(tài)必須涉及的是動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化的問(wèn)題。英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)本來(lái)很復(fù)雜，怎樣記住各自的被動(dòng)形式呢?首先要明確“將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行同”。這兩種時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。
另外，不及物動(dòng)詞帶有同原賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，反身代詞的動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞都無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。即便如此，還有不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，以及它們的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)態(tài)，再加上情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞以及它們的疑問(wèn)式和否定式從中摻雜。下面口訣就以動(dòng)詞“do”為例，即“do、did”過(guò)去式“done”過(guò)去分詞，以口訣形式總結(jié)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)態(tài)。一定對(duì)你有所啟示。 當(dāng)然了，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可以概括為“be done”。也就是“be+過(guò)去分詞”。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用
一般用法
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的`被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard by my mother.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
The new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
特殊用法
1.不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如：happen, break down, come out......
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 如： write, sell, ride.....
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上“to”。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4.如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5.一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
構(gòu)成
be+done.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的口訣
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)用be +及物動(dòng)詞的.過(guò)去分詞，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變。
完成時(shí)態(tài)have(has)done，被動(dòng)將been加中間。
一般將來(lái)shall(will)do，被動(dòng)變do為be done。
將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，shall(will)be doing。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，被動(dòng) have(has)been done。
現(xiàn)、過(guò)進(jìn)行be doing，被動(dòng)be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。
否定助后加not，疑問(wèn)一助置主前。
主語(yǔ)恰是疑問(wèn)詞，直陳語(yǔ)序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。
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