高考英語聽力短對話答題技巧參考
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1.數(shù)字題型
1）有關(guān)讀數(shù)的題目。
(1)對數(shù)字的敏感程度，即多位數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)的正確讀法。例如：576,328,490 讀作 five hundred and seventy-six million three hundred and twenty-eight thousand four hundred and ninety;1/3 讀作one third 2/5 讀作 two fifths 78% 讀作 seventy-eight percent
(2)對時(shí)間的正確讀法。例如：5: 45 讀作 five forty-five 或 a quarter to six;7: 30 讀作 seventy thirty 或 half past seven。
(3)對日期的正確讀法。例如：1909年9月9日讀作 September the ninth，nineteen o nine;2001年1月22日讀作January the twenty-second,the year two thousand one。
(4)對電話號碼的正確讀法。例如：63579088讀作six three five seven nine o/zero double eight。
(5)對航班號，街道，房間號，金額等的正確讀法。例如：Fight 806 讀作Flight eight o six。
2）在聽懂?dāng)?shù)字的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行一些簡單運(yùn)算的能力。例如：
W：Here’s a twenty-dollar note, give me two tickets for tomorrow’s concert, please.
M：Sure. Two tickets and here’s $7.40 change.
Q：How much does one ticket cost? (B)
A. $5.40 B. $6.30
C. $6.40 D. $12.60
這道題目的關(guān)鍵在于聽到的四個(gè)數(shù)字：twenty, two,7.40和one。對話的雙方談?wù)摰氖莾蓮埰焙驼一氐腻X，而題目問的是一張票的價(jià)錢。除了要聽懂聽清以外，還要快速地進(jìn)行計(jì)算。
此外，掌握常用的特殊疑問詞，有助于迅速地找出題目的關(guān)鍵詞，并作出正確的判斷： What time…, When…, How long…, How much…, How many…, How far…, How often…, How soon…
2.地點(diǎn)型題
在這類題目中，往往不能直接聽到對話中出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵的地名。必須根據(jù)對話情節(jié)來推斷事件發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。做這類題目的時(shí)候需要：
1)熟悉一些與�？嫉攸c(diǎn)相關(guān)的詞。例如：
飯店，旅館：waiter, tip, check, menu, soup, salad, check in/out, book, room, reception, order, drink, steak, beef, cafeteria, cream, hamburger, beer, etc.
郵局，銀行：post office, stamp, mail, package, postage,postcard, letter, parcel, bank, cash, account, savings, check,
etc.
法院，醫(yī)院：court, judge, crime, criminal, lawyer, sentence,admit, doctor, patient, operation, medicine, temperature,headache, dentist, symptom, treatment, cure, blood, etc.
加油站，商店：fill it up, check the oil, change,expensive,cheap, petrol, price, fashion, suit, afford, etc.
學(xué)校：campus, teacher, exam, mark, homework, subject, etc.
車站，飛機(jī)場，海關(guān)：stop, ticket, subway,plane customs, visa, platform, flight, etc.
2)把對話中人物的身份和關(guān)系作為判斷基礎(chǔ)，然后再與對話情節(jié)結(jié)合起來。
3)注意一些介詞和地點(diǎn)名詞的組合，以及一些表示方位的詞。例如:
W: These tomatoes are dry. You must have watered them a lot.
M: Yes, I did. They ought to be ripe enough to pick by next weekend when we have our picnic.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A. In a kitchen B. In a garden
C. In an orchard D. At a picnic
4)熟悉這類題目常見的發(fā)問句型。例如：Where did the conversation take place?
3.職業(yè)與身份型題
與地點(diǎn)型題一樣，職業(yè)與身份型題也是往往不能直接從對話了解對話雙方的.職業(yè)，身份，國籍與雙方之間的關(guān)系。必須根據(jù)對話中的關(guān)鍵詞，對話的內(nèi)容，對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，對話雙方的語氣來作推斷。這類題目經(jīng)常碰到的有：teacher and student, doctor and patient, shop assistant and customer, mother and son, driver and passenger, boss and secretary等。每一個(gè)行業(yè)有它的特點(diǎn)：每一個(gè)人在不同的場合有不同的角色，說不同的話。如：2003年秋的考題中有這樣一個(gè)題目：
M: Could you have Jane Smith come in for an interview?
W: Sure, I will call her up immediately, sir.
Q: What is the probably relationship between the two speakers?
A. Interviewer and interviewee
B. Teacher and student
C. Doctor and nurse
D. Boss and secretary
其中男士對女士提出要求，讓她叫Jane Smith來進(jìn)行面試，而女士說會(huì)這樣做的，男士是要求的口吻，女士是應(yīng)允的口氣，又和面試有關(guān)，所以我們選D項(xiàng)。再比如：
W: Can you make me a counter four feet high and three feet wide?
M: Sure. How many shelves do you need?
Q: What most probably is the man’s occupation?
A. A shoe maker B. A carpenter
C. A tailor D: A gardener
顯然，A正確答案。
4.婉轉(zhuǎn)表達(dá)和推斷內(nèi)涵型題
這類題型有兩種常見的形式：一種是對于一方提出的問題或談到的看法，另一方出于禮貌或謙虛等因素，不直接了當(dāng)?shù)幕卮穑遣扇⊥褶D(zhuǎn)的方式表達(dá)自己的想法;另一種是雙方對話后有第三者提出問題。這些問題一般很難從對話中直接找出答案，要看它的內(nèi)涵是什么，要經(jīng)過判斷分析和邏輯推理后，才能做出正確的選擇。這就要求在聽懂對話內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)字里行間，上下文，語氣，語境，句子結(jié)構(gòu)等多種因素來判斷和理解當(dāng)事人的意向，態(tài)度，以及對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，原因等。這類問題常見的提問方式有：
What does the man/woman imply?
What does the man/woman think about…?
What are the man and woman talking about/discussing?
What’s the man’s .woman’s attitude/opinion…?
What do we learn from…?
What can be concluded about the man/woman?
What conclusion can be drawn from the conversation?
For example:
W: I think it’s high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now.
M: I can’t agree with you. You see, countless innocent people are killed by the drunk drivers each year.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A: Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.
B: She does not agree with the man..
C: Drunk drivers are not guilty.
D: People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.
例如：
M: Would you mind if I open the window? We need some fresh air.
W: We also need to keep it quiet in here.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A.The air is fresh.
B. It’s hot inside.
C. The window is open.
D. It’s noisy outside.
因?yàn)閷υ捴信空f：We also need to keep it quiet in here. 說明女士不同意開窗。因?yàn)橥饷嫣常晕覀冞x擇D項(xiàng)。
5.同意重述型題
相同的意思在對話中和選項(xiàng)中分別用不同話語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子加以表達(dá)，就是同意重述。這類題目在其內(nèi)容上會(huì)包含前面提到的內(nèi)容，如時(shí)間題，推理題等，但這類題目通常需要熟悉一種意思的不同表達(dá)法及其常用的各種句型。熟悉和掌握這種題即是從一個(gè)更直接的角度去解題。
比如：
W: Did you see last night’s film on Channel 8?
M: Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine came to see me. We had a nice long talk about our school days.
Q: What did the man do last night? ( B )
A .He watched television with his friend.
B .He stayed at home talking with his friend.
C .He went to see s film with his friend.
D .He went to see his friend.
6.綜合題型
這類考題主要有Which of the statements is true 或not true?/ What can we conclude / infer from this conversation?在做Which of the following statements is true?這類題目時(shí)往往每一個(gè)信息是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)出來的。當(dāng)?shù)谝粋�(gè)人講完時(shí)，有的選項(xiàng)正確與否就可以判斷了，等第二個(gè)人講完時(shí)，應(yīng)該能判斷出這道題的答案。而做What can we conclude / infer from the conversation?的題目時(shí)，往往需要全局觀念。如：
W: Does Ben really want the scholarship he’s applied for?
M: No one wants the scholarship more than Ben.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A .Ben really wants the scholarship.
B .No one wants the scholarship.
C .Ben is not interested in the scholarship.
D .Others like the scholarship more than Ben.
從對話第二句中可知其意應(yīng)是 “沒有人再比Ben更想要這份獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金了�！� 所以選項(xiàng)為A。
對話的單獨(dú)解題的技巧在闡述題型時(shí)，已經(jīng)有了說明。那么，該如何提高準(zhǔn)確率呢?下面將介紹一些有效的方法：
1.掌握常用詞匯，平時(shí)要注重詞匯的積累，并要善于抓住關(guān)鍵詞。
2.從語氣，語調(diào)，語音等方面進(jìn)行判斷。
3.學(xué)會(huì)記錄重要信息，尤其是數(shù)字。
4.學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用猜測的方法，根據(jù)上下文猜出。
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