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如何寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文

時(shí)間:2024-02-20 09:32:04 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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如何寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文

  無(wú)論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會(huì),大家都接觸過(guò)作文吧,作文一定要做到主題集中,圍繞同一主題作深入闡述,切忌東拉西扯,主題渙散甚至無(wú)主題。那要怎么寫(xiě)好作文呢?以下是小編整理的如何寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文,歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。

如何寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文

  一、"There be"結(jié)構(gòu)

  考生病句:

  1. There are many people like to go to the movies.

  2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.

  正確表達(dá):

  1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.

  2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.

  這兩個(gè)例句的錯(cuò)誤比較有普遍性,因?yàn)樵跉v次考試中有不少考生不能正確運(yùn)用there be這一最常用的句式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。be在句中作謂語(yǔ),有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

  例如:

  1. There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...)注意:在否定句中,否定詞用no,也可用not a或not any。not a后接單數(shù)名詞,not any 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,no后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。

  2. There is not a moment to be lost.

  3. There are many people rushing into the cities every year.

  4. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.

  5. There is no use holding back the wheel of history.

  從以上例句還可看出,句中的主語(yǔ)后面可接多種修飾語(yǔ),如介詞短語(yǔ).不定式短語(yǔ).定語(yǔ)從句.分詞短語(yǔ)等等。這無(wú)疑使該結(jié)構(gòu)增加了表現(xiàn)力,使句子表達(dá)內(nèi)容更加豐富。 在運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),考生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是在there be之后又用了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ),使句子結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。這里列舉的考生的典型錯(cuò)誤均屬這種情況,對(duì)此我們?cè)趯?xiě)作中要格外注意。

  二、比較結(jié)構(gòu)

  考生病句:

  1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.

  2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.

  正確表達(dá):

  1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.

  2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.

  評(píng)議與分析:許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較,但相當(dāng)多的表達(dá)有誤。

  在例1中,對(duì)兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較的句式為Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的過(guò)去分詞,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞,因?yàn)锽是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),只能被比較。在例2中,考生誤將"天氣"與"城市"進(jìn)行比較,而二者沒(méi)有可比性,只有將后者改為"其他城市的天氣"才符合邏輯,很顯然,考生的錯(cuò)誤是受了漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響。

  比較結(jié)構(gòu)是常用結(jié)構(gòu),正確地使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以使文章的句式增加變化,有利于提高寫(xiě)作成績(jī)。一般說(shuō)來(lái),考生若能恰當(dāng).正確地運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu),其寫(xiě)作成績(jī)應(yīng)在5分以上。

  下面是比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些常用的表達(dá)方法。

  1. 同級(jí)比較

  1. In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.

  2. We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten yearsin the past.

  2. 比較級(jí)

  1. Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.

  2. We can live longer without food than we can (live .without water.

  3. 最高級(jí)

  1. This is the most interesting book Ive ever read.

  2. Of all his novels I like this one best.

  4. the more…the more…結(jié)構(gòu)

  1.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

  2.The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.

  5. 選擇比較

  1.I prefer staying at home to going out.

  2.They prefer to work rather than (to.sit idly.

  3.He prefers to work alone.

  注意:這里的1.句用的是Prefer A to B結(jié)構(gòu),to為介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;2.句是以不定式作 prefer的賓語(yǔ);3.句用法同2.,只是不把rather than部分表達(dá)出來(lái)。

  6. 對(duì)比

  1.Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.

  2.He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigour.

  注意:while 和whereas均可用于連接兩個(gè)意義對(duì)立的分句,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的"而"字。許多考生能較好地運(yùn)用這一句式,尤其在圖表作文中。

  三、表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)

  考生病句:

  1. The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money withoutworking hard.

  正確表達(dá):

  1. The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

  評(píng)議與分析:

  以上兩個(gè)病句分別引自92年1月和97年12月四級(jí)考試的考生作文。從遣詞造句上看,這兩位考生具有一定的寫(xiě)作能力,not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均運(yùn)用正確.恰當(dāng)。但令人遺憾的是,第一位考生不知道reason不與to搭配而應(yīng)接介詞for,第二位考生犯了一個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生常犯的錯(cuò)誤,就是用because引起表語(yǔ)從句,because這個(gè)詞不能引起表語(yǔ)從句,在本句中只能改用that才正確。

  掌握好表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)是十分重要的,幾乎所有的寫(xiě)作試題都要求寫(xiě)原因或可以寫(xiě)原因。在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四.六級(jí)考試.研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試以及TOEFL考試中,寫(xiě)作的文體基本上是議論文,而議論文的基本模式是擺事實(shí).講道理,講道理就是說(shuō)明原因。寫(xiě)作測(cè)試的文體決定了表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性。

  英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表達(dá)原因這一概念的結(jié)構(gòu)有多種。我們可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等詞組引出表示原因的從句。例如:

  1. Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel moreproud than ever of our country.

  2. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.

  3. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.

  4. Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we dont have the ability to solve it, but thatsome people have not realized the consequences of the problem.

  我們還可以借助某些詞語(yǔ)用簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  1. The reason for this change is quite obvious.

  2. Diligence is the key factor of success.

  3. Idleness is the root of all evils.

  4. He was ashamed to have made the mistake.(=He was ashamed that he had made themistake. =He was ashamed because he had made the mistake.)

  除了上述的例句外,英語(yǔ)中還有很多或易或難的表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候,不能滿(mǎn)足于一知半解,要講究書(shū)面語(yǔ)言的正確性和準(zhǔn)確性。比如,because是最常用的引導(dǎo)原因從句的連詞,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),表示直接的原因,若because置于句首,后面的主句不能再用so。用as引導(dǎo)的原因從句語(yǔ)氣較弱,所說(shuō)明的原因是附帶的,而since表示的原因暗示著是稍加分析之后才能推斷出來(lái)的原因。

  四、否定結(jié)構(gòu)

  考生病句

  1. Some people think we neednt to worry about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies, too.

  正確表達(dá):

  1. Some people think we neednt worry (或dont need to worry.about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies, either.

  評(píng)議與分析:

  例句1選自96年1月四級(jí)考生作文,例句2選自92年1月六級(jí)考生作文。例句1 的錯(cuò)誤在于該考生混淆了need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和作為普通動(dòng)詞的用法。need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要用于否定句,后面的動(dòng)詞不帶to, neednt worry,作we的謂語(yǔ)。need作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí),可用于肯定句.否定句和疑問(wèn)句,dont need to worry 中的to worry作dont need的賓語(yǔ)。例句2的錯(cuò)誤在于該考生混淆了too和either的區(qū)別,這兩個(gè)詞都表示"也"的意思,但是在英語(yǔ)中too, also只能用于肯定句,而either只能用于否定句。

  寫(xiě)作技巧

  1、大量閱讀

  好的寫(xiě)作,構(gòu)建在大量閱讀的前提下,母語(yǔ)人士從小就會(huì)閱讀適合自己程度的故事書(shū)籍,培養(yǎng)良好的故事描述能力。我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)缺乏閱讀課外書(shū)籍,而只是做了很多閱讀測(cè)驗(yàn)的文章,這對(duì)語(yǔ)言組織能力并沒(méi)有正向的幫助,畢竟閱讀時(shí)很多時(shí)候只是看關(guān)鍵詞在作答。

  好的作文應(yīng)該要從「模仿」開(kāi)始,這可分為兩種模仿。第一種是框架的模仿,如:模仿范文的框架與論述邏輯。第二種是筆調(diào)用語(yǔ)的模仿,如:多學(xué)習(xí)使用母語(yǔ)人士的地道用法。

  2、養(yǎng)成擬大綱的好習(xí)慣

  初學(xué)者在寫(xiě)作前要先練習(xí)擬定大綱,才能避免寫(xiě)作時(shí)想到什么寫(xiě)什么的情況。那會(huì)導(dǎo)致整篇文章看起來(lái)胡亂而毫無(wú)章法。那么具體該怎么列大綱呢?我們可以分為三點(diǎn):

  1) 引言

  又稱(chēng)為「開(kāi)頭段」,每篇文章第一段必須是這篇文章主要論點(diǎn)的大綱提要。也就是我們說(shuō)的呈上起下,所以第一段必須要重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)出本文的主旨。

  Eating healthily and working out on a daily basis can pay dividends. It took me years to realize that.

  健康飲食和每天鍛煉可以帶來(lái)好處。我花了很多年才意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。

  2) 內(nèi)文

  又稱(chēng)為「主體段」。此段落是要用數(shù)個(gè)論點(diǎn)證明自己的論述?梢栽谝粋(gè)主題句之下再延伸說(shuō)明2-3句。所以假設(shè)有三個(gè)論點(diǎn),那這個(gè)主體段就會(huì)有6-9句。

  I have a hectic schedule and a stressful job, so I used to sit at the desk for several hours in a row, which leads to obesity. It’s taking its toll on my health, so I decided to make a change and start to lead a healthy life. First, I try to get into the habit of working out on a daily basis. I hit the gym every night after work and it has become something of a ritual for me. Secondly, I strike a balance between work and life. I used to put in extra hours every day but now I decide to get things done before the end of day so I don’t have to work overtime. Thirdly, I eat a balanced meal. I was not a big fan of vegetables in the past but now I consume both meat and vegetables and fruits, so I will not suffer from malnutrition.

  我有一個(gè)繁忙的行程表和一份壓力很大的工作,所以我經(jīng)常連續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在辦公桌前,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖。這對(duì)我的健康造成了損害,所以我決定做出改變,開(kāi)始過(guò)健康的生活。首先,我努力養(yǎng)成每天健身的習(xí)慣。我每天晚上下班后都去健身房,這已經(jīng)成為我的一種例行公事。其次,我在工作和生活之間取得了平衡。我以前每天都加班,但現(xiàn)在我決定在一天結(jié)束前把事情做完,這樣我就不用加班了。第三,我有均衡的飲食。我過(guò)去不太喜歡蔬菜,但現(xiàn)在我既吃肉類(lèi),也吃蔬菜和水果,所以我不會(huì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。

  3) 結(jié)尾

  又稱(chēng)為「結(jié)尾段」,這個(gè)段落就是將第一段換句話說(shuō),總結(jié)本篇文章的論點(diǎn)。

  I lost a few pounds by doing the things mentioned above and I have become much more efficient at work. All in all, we should do our best to lead a healthy life. Otherwise, we cannot enjoy our lives to the fullest.

  通過(guò)做上面提到的事情,我瘦了幾磅,工作效率也提高了很多?傊覀儜(yīng)該盡最大努力過(guò)健康的生活。否則,我們無(wú)法充分享受生活。

  3、練習(xí)寫(xiě)summary

  練習(xí)摘要技巧也是寫(xiě)作的一部分,報(bào)紙記者的入門(mén)評(píng)鑒之一,就是能否將很大篇幅的文字內(nèi)化成精簡(jiǎn)的文字讓一般民眾能看懂。比如,如何將以下這段文字精簡(jiǎn)化,大家可以練習(xí)一下:

  Lionel Messi donned a black robe to lift the World Cup into the air after Argentina’s win over France for their third World Cup title.

  The dark cloak is an Arab bisht. According to the Arab News, a bisht is a traditional Arabian long cloak men wear over their thobes. The garment is usually worn on special occasions such as weddings. It is a prestigious statement garment and was given to Messi to honor the Argentina captain.

  Lionel Messi wore a black robe after Argentina won the World Cup 2022. The black robe is called Arab bisht, which is atraditonal Arablian long cloak men wear on speical occasions , such as weddings. It was given to Messi in honor of his achievement.

  4、多看commentary的文章,分析觀點(diǎn)

  可以多閱讀報(bào)紙的社論專(zhuān)欄 (editorial),以了解對(duì)最新時(shí)事的不同觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)樯缯搶?zhuān)欄也是用口語(yǔ)筆調(diào)書(shū)寫(xiě),因此也可以用來(lái)練習(xí)說(shuō)成口語(yǔ)表達(dá)。切記「少就是多」的原則。有空就看一兩段,然后用口語(yǔ)paraphrase (自我表述)出來(lái),就很有幫助喔!

  5、抄寫(xiě)字典例句增強(qiáng)記憶

  平?吹讲诲e(cuò)的用法或是句型,務(wù)必要查詢(xún)字典,因?yàn)橄袷桥=蜃值浠騽蜃值涞睦涠寄軌蜃屇爿p松記住那個(gè)亮點(diǎn),方便日后自己寫(xiě)作時(shí)使用。由母語(yǔ)人士寫(xiě)的文章反而沒(méi)有字典例句來(lái)得容易背誦因而形成長(zhǎng)期記憶。

  6、養(yǎng)成每周練習(xí)1篇作文的習(xí)慣

  每周可以練習(xí)針對(duì)一個(gè)議題寫(xiě)一篇作文,這里可以推薦利用托福和雅思作文的寫(xiě)作議題來(lái)練習(xí)論說(shuō)文。也可以撰寫(xiě)日記來(lái)練習(xí)記敘文。我們可以利用作文批改軟件知道自己哪個(gè)地方有問(wèn)題而加以改善。

  7、記住3不要

  寫(xiě)作時(shí)有幾個(gè)要避免的地方,如:

  1) 避免使用縮寫(xiě),因?yàn)榭s寫(xiě)形式一般用于口語(yǔ)

  2) 避免使用艱澀浮夸的單詞,因?yàn)槟愕膶?xiě)作不是高級(jí)母語(yǔ)人士的等級(jí),因此用那些單詞會(huì)和你自己寫(xiě)作中過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單的句子形成極為不搭的窘境。

  3) 避免使用第一人稱(chēng)或第二人稱(chēng)書(shū)寫(xiě),一般寫(xiě)作會(huì)用第三人稱(chēng)。

  相信有了以上這些技巧,各位對(duì)寫(xiě)作是否有了更深一層的認(rèn)識(shí)了呢?

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