定語從句的翻譯技巧
定語從句的翻譯技巧:簡單定語從句的翻譯技巧:
所謂簡單的定語從句,是指一個(gè)句子只含一個(gè)定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。這類定語從句,不論是限制性的還是非限制笥的,在結(jié)構(gòu)上與先行詞的關(guān)系比較簡單,翻譯時(shí)多譯成定語,也可譯成并列句、狀語從句或獨(dú)立句等;這種定語從句還可譯成句子成分,即和先行詞放在一起翻譯,它有如下幾種情況:
1.譯成主句把先行詞譯成定語,而把定語從句譯成主句:
In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.
巴爾干半島北部的保加利亞人,一直是帝國的威脅,1014年,巴西耳二世在巴爾干半島北部取得決定性勝利,從此被稱為屠殺保加利亞人的劊子手。
2. 譯成謂語 把先行詞或主句譯成主語,把定語從句譯成謂語或動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu):
In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.
在東部,查士丁尼統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,波斯人因**曾與拜占廷媾和;現(xiàn)在,他們在野心勃勃的大皇帝科斯羅埃斯二世的率領(lǐng)下,開始全面消滅東羅馬帝國。(謂語)
定語從句的.翻譯技巧:復(fù)雜定語從句的翻譯技巧
一主二仆式定語從句是指一個(gè)先行詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上定語從句的情況。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語從句比較規(guī)范,均修飾一個(gè)先行詞,在翻譯時(shí),雖然也遵循一般定語從句的翻譯技巧和方法,但還有其獨(dú)特的地方。歸納起來,有如下幾種情況:
1)譯成定語 可以把兩個(gè)定語從句譯成并列的定語,也可譯成分開的定語修飾先地詞,或分別修飾重復(fù)的先行詞。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的謀生之道正受到新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、新的貿(mào)易、新的行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn);這種新貿(mào)易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區(qū)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易,而種種新行業(yè)則是使用一些無需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動(dòng)、可節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力的奇特機(jī)遇。(并列的定語)
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史開始時(shí),世界擁有的每一項(xiàng)重大成就,已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。(分開的定語)
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
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