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定語從句解題方法和例句

時(shí)間:2023-07-21 18:25:19 美云 英語 我要投稿
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定語從句解題方法和例句

  定語從句是英語學(xué)習(xí)不能回避的語法,學(xué)會(huì)它,英語寫作水平提升一個(gè)等級(jí)。下面是小編收集整理的定語從句解題方法和例句,希望對(duì)您有所幫助!如果你覺得不錯(cuò)的話,歡迎分享!

  一、選準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞

  在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分,如果該從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語或定語,就要用關(guān)系代詞來連接從句;如果從句中缺少狀語,就得用關(guān)系副詞來連接從句。

  例如:

  (1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

  (2) I still remember the days when we worked together.

  二、了解僅用that 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的幾種情況

  that 在限制性定語從句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情況下,只能用that 來引導(dǎo)定語從句:

  1. 先行詞是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代詞時(shí)。

  例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy?

  2. 先行詞被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等詞修飾或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定詞修飾時(shí)。

  例如:

  These are all the pictures that I have seen.

  This is the very dictionary that is of greathelp.

  3. 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。

  例如:

  My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

  4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。

  例如:

  Our school is not the one that it used to be.

  5. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

  例如:

  This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

  The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

  6. 主句是who 或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句時(shí)。

  例如:

  Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

  Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

  三、把握“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用

  1.介詞的選擇與主句中先行詞的搭配密切相關(guān)。

  例如:

  Thats the reason for which he was late for school.

  This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.

  2. 定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語時(shí),介詞應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞之后,不能拆開放在關(guān)系代詞前。

  例如:

  This is the key which you are looking for.

  This is the baby whom you will look after.

  3. 該結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,指物時(shí)用which.

  四、弄清as 和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指代整體時(shí)的區(qū)別

  1.位置上的區(qū)別:as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,還可插在主句的中間;而which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。

  例如:

  As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

  The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.

  The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.

  The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.

  2.詞義與聯(lián)系上的區(qū)別:as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間有著較為密切的上下文聯(lián)系,as 本身含有“正如”之意;而which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間在邏輯意義上近似并列句,which 本身表示“這”或“這一點(diǎn)”之意。

  例如:

  Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.

  Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.

  五、注意定語從句的主謂一致性

  關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。

  例如:

  Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.

  Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.

  六、保持主句的完整性并避免從句成分的重疊

  1. 在定語從句中,不管出現(xiàn)任何情況,主句的結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整,即主句必須有主語和謂語,缺一不可,否則,整個(gè)主從復(fù)合句就無法成立。

  例如:

  (1)Is this factory _______ we visited last week?

  (2)Is this the factory _______ we visited last week?

  A. which B. where C. what D. the one

  2. 從定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞已經(jīng)代替先行詞獨(dú)立地或與相應(yīng)的介詞一起在定語從句中充當(dāng)了一定的成分,因此在定語從句中就不能再出現(xiàn)與關(guān)系代(副)詞重疊的成分。

  例如:

  錯(cuò)句:Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?

  分析:該題中that 已經(jīng)代替先行詞the train 在定語從句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞took 的賓語,故重疊出現(xiàn)的賓語it必須刪去。

  從句構(gòu)成

  關(guān)系從句的句法功能主要是充當(dāng)定語。在英語中,關(guān)系從句通常位于它所修飾的詞(組)之后。被關(guān)系從句修飾的詞(組)叫做先行詞(antecedent),引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞指代先行詞,并在關(guān)系從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。例如:

  This is the book which interests me.(“which interests me”是關(guān)系從句,修飾先行詞“book”,而關(guān)系詞“which”指代先行詞“book”并在關(guān)系從句中充當(dāng)主語。這句話可以拆分為兩個(gè)句子來理解:“This is the book.”和“The book interests me.”)

  從句分類

  關(guān)系從句有限制性關(guān)系從句(restrictive relative clause或defining relative clause)和非限制性關(guān)系從句(non-restrictive relative clause/non-defining relative clause)之分。限制性關(guān)系從句起限定作用,修飾特定的名詞或名詞短語;而非限制性關(guān)系從句只起補(bǔ)充說明某種信息的作用。例如:

  The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.(限制性關(guān)系從句)

  The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.(非限制性關(guān)系從句)

  There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury. (限制性關(guān)系從句)

  There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. (非限制性關(guān)系從句)

  限制性關(guān)系從句

  從語義上看,限制性關(guān)系從句主要起限定作用,修飾特定的人(sb.)或(sth.)事物,如果去掉限制性定語從句,整個(gè)句子表意會(huì)不完整甚至不通順;從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,限制性關(guān)系從句常緊跟先行詞,并且同先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)分隔(但不是絕對(duì)的)。

  限制性關(guān)系從句的關(guān)系詞包括:that, which, who,whom, whose, as, than等。

  非限制性關(guān)系從句

  從語義上看,非限制性關(guān)系從句主要起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,有時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句或狀語從句,可以表達(dá)原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等意義。例如:

  Dr Lee, who had read through the instructions carefully before doing his experiments, did not obtain satisfactory results. (非限制性關(guān)系從句表示讓步的意義,相當(dāng)于though Dr Lee had read through the instructions...)

  非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞包括:which, who, whom, whose, as等,另外that在非限制性關(guān)系從句中并非絕對(duì)不可使用。

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