定語從句which與where
定語從句（也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句），是指一類由關(guān)系詞（英語：relative word）引導(dǎo)的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語，所以曾被稱為定語從句（英語：attributive clause），這類從句除了可以做定語之外，還可以充當(dāng)狀語等其他成分，所以現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語。以下是小編整理的定語從句which與where，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
定語從句which與where1
which引導(dǎo)定語從句的時候,在從句中作主語,賓語或是表語，分享了定語從句which與where用法。
一、關(guān)系副詞與“介詞+which”互換的情形
當(dāng)“介詞+ which”在定語從句中作時間、地點和原因狀語時，可以用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why來替換。
1. when根據(jù)情況可以等于in which, at which, on which等。如：
The day when (=on which) she arrived was Thursday. 她到的那天是星期四。
July and August are the months when (=in which) the weather is hot. 七八月是天氣很熱的月份。——摘自《英語常用詞多用途詞典》（金盾出版社）
這種替換有時出現(xiàn)在非限制性定語從句中。如：
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when (=by then) the weather may be better. 我們將把野餐推遲到下星期，那時天氣可能會好一點。——摘自《張道真英語語法》（商務(wù)印書館）
2. where根據(jù)情況可以等于in which, at which, on which等。如：
This is the hotel where ( =in which / at which) they were staying. 這就是他們當(dāng)時住的旅店�！浴队⒄Z常用詞多用途詞典》（金盾出版社）
Do you remember the place where (=at which) we had lunch? 你記得我們吃午飯的地方嗎? ——摘自《英語用法指南》（外研社）
這種替換有時出現(xiàn)在非限制性定語從句中。如：
The Tower of London, where (=in which so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. 在倫敦塔中曾有許多人喪命，它現(xiàn)在是旅游勝地�！浴独饰挠⒄Z語法》（外研社）
3. 關(guān)系副詞若要換成“介詞+which”只能是for which。如：
The reason why (=for which) I came here was to be with my family. 我到這里來的原因是要跟我的家里人在一起。——摘自《英語用法指南》（外研社）
My success in business, the reason why (=for which) he dislikes me, has been due to hard work. 他為我在事業(yè)上的成功而不喜歡我，我的成功歸功于我努力工作�！浴独饰挠⒄Z語法》（外研社）
但是，反過來，for which并不一定能換成why。如：
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他們找尋的文件已經(jīng)找到了。（此句中的for which也不能換成why，理由同上句）——摘自《高中英語語法詳解》（湖南大學(xué)出版社）
二、關(guān)系副詞與“介詞+which”不能互換的情形
1. 有些語境需要用特定的介詞來明確其關(guān)系，此時若換成關(guān)系副詞，則會導(dǎo)致意思不明確或句意不能通順。如：
The ladder on which I was standing began to slip. 我腳下的梯子開始向下滑動。（句中的on which不能換成where，否則意思不明確）
This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九點鐘時我做這事，之后我坐著看報。（句中的after which不能換成when，否則意思不明確）
2. 當(dāng)“介詞+which”后面接有被which修飾的名詞時，通常不能用關(guān)系副詞代替。如：
The programme will continue until 1994 by which time $3million will have been spent.
這個項目將持續(xù)到1994年。到那時開支將達(dá)到300萬美元。（句中的by which time不能換成when或where，因為which后跟有它所修飾的名詞time）——摘自《限定詞與數(shù)量詞》（外文出版社）
We arrived at noon, by which time the demonstration was over. 我們是中午到的，這時游業(yè)已結(jié)束。（句中的by which time不能換成when或where，因為which后跟有它所修飾的名詞time）——摘自《英語常用詞多用途詞典》（金盾出版社）
3. 當(dāng)“介詞+which”并不表示時間、地點或原因時，自然不能換成關(guān)系副詞。
There are three principal routes by which one can drive to North Wales. 開車到北威爾士，有3條主要路線可走。（句中的by which不能換成when或where，因為這里的by which并不表示時間或地點，介詞by在此表示“通過”）——摘自《英語常用詞多用途詞典》（金盾出版社）
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 這是一個我們可能長時間爭論的`問題。（句中的about which不能換成when或where，因為這里的about which并不表示時間或地點，介詞about在此表示“關(guān)于”，所涉及的搭配是argue about）——摘自《張道真英語語法
4、在表語從句和狀語從句中不能互換
1.在表語從句中
Is this hotel ______ you said we were to stay in your letter？.
A. that B. where C. the one D. in which
此題可改為：This hotel is where you said we were to stay in your letter．實際上是由where引導(dǎo)的表語從句，答案為B項。
2.在狀語從句中
We had better put the bottle of dleeping pills__kids can not find it in case they mistake the pills for candies.此句中“where”并非引導(dǎo)定語從句，而是引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，故不能用"in which".
若用"in which",那句子就變成了定語從句，
in which kids can not find...
= in the sleeping pill kids can not find...
句子就無法理解通了。
3.當(dāng)定語從句帶有不定式時，只能用prep.+which
如，I want a pen with which to write.
I live in a house in which to spend my rest life.
不能用 I live in a house where to spend my rest life.
定語從句which與where2
1、Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, fromwhere he could see nothing but trees.下馬不久，上尉就出現(xiàn)在二樓的窗口了。他從那里除了樹木什么也沒看到。(引導(dǎo)定語從句)
劃線部分相當(dāng)于…, and from at the windows…不可變?yōu)閒rom which…，直接用where不如用from where更具體。
2、She climbed up to the top of the hill,from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山頂，從那里她可以一覽全城風(fēng)光。（引導(dǎo)定語從句）
劃線部分相當(dāng)于…, and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…,不可變?yōu)閒rom which，也可直接用where引導(dǎo)，但語義較為含糊，不如用from where更加生動、形象、具體。
3、We went up to the roof ,from where we had a good view of the procession.我們爬到屋頂，在那兒我們可以一覽整個行進(jìn)隊伍。（引導(dǎo)定語從句）
劃線部分可理解為and from on the top of the roof或from on the top of which，用from which是不對的，直接用where仍顯不具體，不形象。
4、China is the birth place of kites, from where kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.中國是風(fēng)箏的故鄉(xiāng)，在那里風(fēng)箏傳到日本、朝鮮、泰國和印度。
這里from正與下文的spread to構(gòu)成一個整體，可理解為from near/around this place，如若把from where換為where顯然是講不通的，改成from which,能夠講得通，但不太符合英語習(xí)慣。
5、The car stopped suddenly only a few inches from where I stood.那輛小汽車就在我站的地方僅幾英寸處突然停下了。（引導(dǎo)狀語從句）這里的劃線部分中where引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，與from一起作地點狀語從句。
例句1:look over there!some people are standing under the big tree,___ you can enjoy the whole view. A.which B.from which C where D from where
分析:where代表under the tree這個地方，如果用which就只能代表the big tree,這句話的意思不是Enjoy the whole view from the big tree.而是from under the big tree.介詞后接介詞短語的例子還是常見的.實際上這個句子完整的應(yīng)該是You can enjoy the whole view from the place under the big tree. the place被省略了。 該句屬于定語從句。
例句2:He stood by the window, ______ he could see what was happening outside.
A. where B. which C. from which D. from where
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