非限制定語(yǔ)從句where
非限制定語(yǔ)從句where的用法大家了解了嗎?以下是小編精心準(zhǔn)備的非限制定語(yǔ)從句where的用法,大家可以參考以下是內(nèi)容哦!
一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,連詞which與where的區(qū)別
which和where都是聯(lián)系詞,但是which是連系代詞,where是連系副詞.也就是說(shuō),which在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中是要做主語(yǔ)或者是賓語(yǔ)的,而where則不能做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),記住,是不能.
舉例說(shuō)明it is a good place ,which is the center of our country
這里的which在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中做is的主語(yǔ),所以如果這里用where的話,它不能做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ),這樣一來(lái),定語(yǔ)從句中就缺少了主語(yǔ),這個(gè)句子就不成立了
再舉例it is a good place ,where I spend my childhood
這里選where是因?yàn)?后面的定語(yǔ)從句中,已經(jīng)不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)了,所以不能用which.
二、where 可以的引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
除了關(guān)系代詞that外,所有的關(guān)系詞都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,舉例如下:
Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.昨晚我看了一部非常好的電影,那是關(guān)于長(zhǎng)征的.
This letter is from my sister,who is working at a factory now.這封信是我姐姐寄來(lái)的,他現(xiàn)在在一家工廠上班.
I paid a visit to compony last month,where my brother are working.上個(gè)月我參觀了一家公司,我哥哥在那里工作.
My grandpa's childhood is bitter,when he lived a hard life.我祖父的童年是辛酸的,那時(shí)候他過(guò)著十分艱難的日子.
三、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
說(shuō)到非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的講解,還要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是該從句的作用是什么。其實(shí)它在句子中是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的成分,不會(huì)受到主句的限制,把從句去掉之后,主句仍然是成立的。這也是為什么它會(huì)叫做非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。其次,大家要了解該從句的形式:非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞以及主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密,因而通常要用逗號(hào)與主句分隔開(kāi)。例如:
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看過(guò)“泰坦尼克號(hào)”這部電影嗎?它的男主演可是世界聞名的。
My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
我有位朋友,他一輩子服務(wù)于國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì),下個(gè)月就要退休了。
在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也分成不同的種類,在不同情況下,該從句的使用方法也是不一樣的,在考試中經(jīng)常會(huì)考察大家對(duì)于該從句不同類型的運(yùn)用。如果大家不能很好的掌握這些用法,在考試的時(shí)候就一定會(huì)丟分了,下面就是關(guān)于該從句不同類型的介紹:
(1) who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.我們的向?qū)В粋(gè)法裔加拿大人,擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。
My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.我家的園丁非常悲觀,他說(shuō)今年將不結(jié)蘋果。
(2) whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人,在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可位于句末。如:
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。
(3) whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人,也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。如:
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力,他的父親是位工程師。
Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在樹(shù)林的高處是山,其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品,風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。
(4) which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
、 which指代主句中的名詞,被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的`名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如:
These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.這些蘋果樹(shù)是我三年前栽的,還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。
She is an artist,which I am not.她是一位藝術(shù)家,而我不是。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。
The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任,事實(shí)上,也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容詞。如:
She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她對(duì)孩子們很耐心,她丈夫卻很少這樣。
She is always careless,which we should not be. 她總是馬虎大意,我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。
、 which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。如:
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.他說(shuō)以前從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她,這不是真的。
、 which指代整個(gè)主句。如:
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張,這是可以理解的。
He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲腸炎,如果是這樣,他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。
When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作,這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。
(5) when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。如:
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào),那時(shí)他將有空。
(6) where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。如:
They went to London,where they lived for six months.他們?nèi)チ藗惗,在那兒呆了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。
They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他們昨天抵達(dá)那里, 有一個(gè)關(guān)于銷售的談判在那兒舉行。
(7) as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。 如:
As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美國(guó)人都知道,馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了帶筆,這是常事。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神貫注地工作,他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))
Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 他雖是孩子,卻被選為國(guó)王。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))
as we all know, the earth is round.眾所周知,地球是圓的。 (as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿意,這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.你知道,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
(8)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which有時(shí)并不代表主句中某一確定的詞,而是概括整個(gè)主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配。
They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒,沒(méi)有它們產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少一半。
They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.這些鄰居是北京來(lái)的,昨天我被介紹同他們認(rèn)識(shí)了。
(9)“名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬(wàn)公頃土地,其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。
Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大廳里有三十把椅子,絕大部分是新的。
he textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women. 這家紡織廠有8千多職工,女職工占百分之八十。
通過(guò)對(duì)該從句的講解,大家可以看出,它的種類真的是非常多,不同的詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的從句用法都是不同的,大家要學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同用法所表示的含義。雖然該從句在選擇題中考察的非常多,但是大家在閱讀題中也會(huì)看見(jiàn)這樣的從句,所以說(shuō),大家學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)并不只是為了語(yǔ)法的題目,它對(duì)于大家整個(gè)英語(yǔ)水平的提升都是非常有幫助的。除此之外大家還要注意一些非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的特殊情況:
1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可用that引導(dǎo), 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用who(作主語(yǔ)) / whom(作賓語(yǔ))指人,用which(作主語(yǔ) / 賓語(yǔ))指物, 用whose作定語(yǔ)(指人 / 物)。例如:
The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
這位試圖打反擊的著名籃球明星吸引了眾人的關(guān)注。
The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.
這部電影很有教育意義, 它的導(dǎo)演是位老人。
2.關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,若指人時(shí),只用whom,不用who。例如:
York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年訪問(wèn)過(guò)的約克是個(gè)古老而美麗的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
請(qǐng)把這本書交給杰西卡,就是剛才我們?cè)诖髲d里遇到的那位。
3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可用why引導(dǎo), 需用for which替代why。例如:
None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.
我們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人接受他所解釋的缺席的理由。
引導(dǎo)詞
即“引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞”
、僖龑(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞:as,which,who,whom
、谝龑(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞主要有:when,where。
注意
不能用that作為關(guān)系代詞的兩種情況:
①非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
、诮樵~+關(guān)系代詞
區(qū)別
1、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾,which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句中或句尾。
2、關(guān)系代詞as在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中后跟“be動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞”的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),be動(dòng)詞可省略。
3、 as有時(shí)也可用作關(guān)系代詞 。若as在從句中作主語(yǔ),其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首或句中。但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放句中。
4、as有正如…一樣、按照、正像、因?yàn)榈囊馑迹猿S糜诳隙ň洌鴚hich則用于肯定,否定都可以。
5、在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中使用as 例如:the same … as 、as … as。
例句:
1 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which , of course, made the others unhappy.(從句部分的意思為:這當(dāng)然使別人不高興;而不能譯為正如使別人不高興。故用which。)
2 Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.
重慶和我們?cè)谄渌胤娇催^(guò)的城市不一樣。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞which可以與that互換;但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能用which。
例1.She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
例2.She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.
A. that B. / C. what D. who
解析: 例1意為:“她聽(tīng)到一個(gè)可怕的聲音,這使她感到恐懼!眛hat不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故選B。例2意為:“她聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)使她恐懼的可怕聲音!币龑(dǎo)修飾noise的限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo),故選A。
2. 先行詞為reason時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)可以用why或for which來(lái)引導(dǎo);非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則只能用for which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
例3.I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
例4I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. when B. which C. why D. for that
解析: 例3意為:“我早已把理由告訴了他們,于是我沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議!毕刃性~為reason時(shí),非限制性定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用for which引導(dǎo),故選A。例4意為:“我已經(jīng)把沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議的原因告訴了他們!眛he reason why...是常見(jiàn)搭配,答案為C。
3. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)且前面沒(méi)有介詞時(shí)可以被省略;但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞無(wú)論作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)還是作定語(yǔ),無(wú)論前面是否有介詞都不能被省略。
例5.He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,______ he loved and respected as his own mother.
A. as B. which C. / D. whom
解析: 本句意為:“他急于去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母,他像對(duì)待親生母親一樣孝敬她!标P(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并作賓語(yǔ),不能被省略,故選D。
4.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)并作從句賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom前沒(méi)有介詞時(shí)可以用who來(lái)代替;但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,whom無(wú)論前面是否有介詞都不能用who替換。
例6. Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about?
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
例7.The American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. /
解析: 例6意為:“你認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆嗎? 我們談到過(guò)他!睉(yīng)選C。例7意為:“播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已遭歹徒殺害。下列哪一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的?”關(guān)系代詞作mentioned的賓語(yǔ)且指人時(shí),可用who/whom/that,在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略,故C是錯(cuò)的。
5.當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞可以用as 和which,但位于句首不能用which,只能用as。此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。
例8______ I expected, he didn’t believe me.
A. Which B. As C. That D. When
解析: 本句意為:“正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他不相信我的話!狈窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句,應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo),故答案為B。
例9.Mary was late for school,______ often happened.
A. as B. for which C. that D. why
解析: 本句意為:“瑪麗上學(xué)遲到了,這是常有的事!备鶕(jù)句意,關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的主句,其位置非常靈活,故答案為A。
6. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句時(shí),不能用as,只能用which,因?yàn)橛薪樵~關(guān)系。
例10.He bought the car for more than $20,000,______ his father was angry.
A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which
解析: 本句意為:“他花兩萬(wàn)多美元買了這輛車,他父親對(duì)此很生氣!眞hich位于介詞with的后面,指代前面的主句,故答案為D。
【非限制定語(yǔ)從句where】相關(guān)文章:
2016托福閱讀賓語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句解析09-26
考研有哪些破解了定語(yǔ)從句的譯法12-11
2018廣東高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法填空題09-06
2017中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí):定語(yǔ)從句09-22
2017最新GMAT考試定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析08-16
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之定語(yǔ)從句的四種翻譯法08-24
2015年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法講解:定語(yǔ)從句11-14
2017年高考英語(yǔ)第一輪基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練:定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句09-26