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定語從句講解與練習(xí)
定語從句在初中英語中的重要性主要體現(xiàn)在完形、閱讀和寫作中,因此,能否較好的掌握定語從句直接關(guān)系到你英語成績(jī)的拔高.下面是小編為你帶來的定語從句講解與練習(xí)，歡迎閱讀。
定義：
在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
特點(diǎn)：
1.先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
2.關(guān)聯(lián)詞：
1）引出定語從句，并作從句的一個(gè)成分�？勺髦髡Z、賓語、定語、狀語，作賓語可省略。
2）關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間。
關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose代指先行詞。
關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why作時(shí)間狀語。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
先行詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+定語從句剩余部分
關(guān)系代詞的用法：
1.that 和which
that指人或物，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。
Which指物，不指人，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
The coat(which/that)I put on the desk is black.
注意：The room in which I live is very big.(在介詞后面不能用that)
2.只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句：
1)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語從句只能用that
This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.
2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，定語從句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.
3）先行詞被the only，the very 或the same等修飾，定語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。
It is the only word(that)I know in the passage.
Where is the very book(that)I bought just now?
This is the(same)bicycle(that)I lost.
4）先行詞為everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代詞時(shí)，定語從句只能用that
I want everything(that)I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
5)先行詞被不定代詞all,any,no,every,little,much,many修飾時(shí)，只能用that
Here is all the money(that)I have.
6)先行詞是同時(shí)含有“人和物”的名詞時(shí)，定語從句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see in the room.
7)定語從句所修飾的詞為the one 時(shí)，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)
Is it the one（that）you want？
8）為了避免重復(fù)，在疑問詞who之后，用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句
Who is the girl that won the first place?
3.who和whom
who指人，在句中作主語和賓語，作賓語可省略。
Whom指人，在句中只能作賓語，可省略，但在介詞后面不能省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
關(guān)系副詞的用法：
1. when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.when=on which
2.where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
3.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞.
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
�、澹畣雾�(xiàng)選擇
1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A.that B.who C.whom D.this
2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A.whom B.which C.who D./
3.The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A.that B.whose C.which D.as
4.Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A.the one B.which C.who D.whom
5.Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A.the one B.that C.which D./
6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A.which B.that C./D.it
7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A.which B.in which C.that D.all
8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who
9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A.which B.whom C.whose D.this
10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
A.who B.whom C.which D./
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A.whom B.who C./D.he
13.The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A.who live next door B.which lives next door
C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door
14.Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A.which B.whom C.that D.who
15.Don’t go in,this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A./,to B.that,/C.where,to D.which,there
16.He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A.what B.which C.as D./
17.This is the school _____ Mr.Smith once taught.
A.in that B.when C.where D.there
18.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A.where B.in that C.that D.which
19.The factory _____ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.
A.when B.where C.that D.which
20.Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?
A.that B.when C.what D.on that
21.The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.
A.when B.where C.which D.that
22.October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.
A.when B.that C.where D.in which
23.October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A.which B.when C.where D.in which
24.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A.which B.where C.in which D.what
25.Is this museum _____ they visited last month?
A.that B.which C.where D.the one
26.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A.what B.which C.that D.where
27.Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home?
A.what B.why C.that D.which
28.It’s one of the most important meetings ___ this years.
A.that has been held B.which has been held
C.that have been held D.which have held
29.Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well?
A.in front of it B.in front of whose
C.in front of which D.in the front of which
30.I’ll never forget the day ___ I joined the League.
A.on which B.which C.in which D.at which
31.She showed her new watch to my wife,___ was kept in a box.
A.who B.which C.that D.it
32.She had three sons,all ___ became doctors.
A.who B.whom C.of them D.of whom
33.This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics.
A.that B.what C.which D.whose
34.___ is known to all,China is a developing country,belonging to the third world.
A.It B.That C.As D.Which
35.Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiment centuries ago?
A.that B.where C.which D.when
�、妫畬⑾铝袃删湓捄喜⒊梢痪�.
1. I can’t find the book..I bought a book yesterday.
______________________________________________________________
2. The girl is my sister.The girl is standing on the stage.
______________________________________________________________
3.The West Lake lies in Hangzhou.The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China.
______________________________________________________________
4.I don’t know that boy.The boy is in blue shirt.
______________________________________________________________
5.My brother likes the singers.The singers write their own music.
______________________________________________________________
6.The cat is mine.The cat is playing with a ball.
______________________________________________________________
答案：
一）
1-5 A C A B A
6-10 B B C A D
11-15 A B D D A
16-20 D C A B B
21-25 D B B A D
26-30 D C C C A
31-35 B D D C B
�。ǘ�
1. I can’t find the book that/which//I bought yesterday.
2. The girl who/that is standing on the stage is my sister.
3.The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China that lies in Hangzhou.
4.I don’t know the boy who/that is in blue shirt.
5.My brother likes the singers who/that write their own music.
6.The cat which/that is playing with a ball is mine.
where在定語從句
一、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞point
You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了藥物無法治療的地步。
The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in.危機(jī)已達(dá)到非把破產(chǎn)管理人叫來不可的地步。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。
注:有時(shí)point也可以是具體的地點(diǎn):
Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E.設(shè)AB線與CD線的相交點(diǎn)為E。
The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故發(fā)生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。
二、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞case
There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。
Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language
properly.今天，我們將討論一些英語初學(xué)者對(duì)英語使用不當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}。
三、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞activity
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than
hearing.那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動(dòng)。
四、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞situation
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。
If you risk something important,you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose
it.你如果拿重要的東西去冒險(xiǎn)，那你就是將它置于一種可能會(huì)失去它的危險(xiǎn)境地。
五、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position
It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。
六、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞job
She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能將她的管理
技能派上用場(chǎng)的工作。
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day.我不想找一份整天坐在辦公桌前的工作。
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who,whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2)Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語,若指物，它還可以同of which互換）,例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3）which,that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：
A prosperitywhich/thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。（which/that在句中作主語）
The packagewhich/thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that 在句中作賓語）
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1）when,where,why
關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例 如：
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在非正式文體中that常被省略（正式文體中不可省略），例如：
His father died the year(that/when/in which)he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
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