定語從句的that省略
導(dǎo)語：在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，我們常常會(huì)遇到連接詞that省略的情況。而一旦省略，對(duì)同學(xué)們的從句識(shí)別和判定會(huì)帶來一定的困難，從而影響閱讀的理解和翻譯。下面我們就來看一下，三種從句中連接詞that省略用法的幾種情況。
一、that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。
1. that在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，往往可省略。如：
(1)John once talked to his mom about the cities (that) he had visited abroad。
在從句中that作visit的賓語，故可以省略。
(2)The homework (that )I finished last night was left at home。
在從句中that作finish的賓語，故可以省略。
2. that在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，不可省略。如：
(1) The teacher that is kind to us goes back home very late every day。
在從句中that作主語，故不可以省略。
(2) My old school that was located in the suburban was razed to the ground。
在從句中that作主語，故不可以省略。
3.that在引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句時(shí)，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which, at which, for which或on which, 并且在從句中可以省略。如：
(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way (that ) (in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed。
(2)I like the music for the very reason (that ) (for which) he dislike it。
(3)We arrived the day (that ) (on which) they left。
二、that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，充當(dāng)連詞，本身無實(shí)際意義。
1. that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，通�？墒÷�。如：
We know (that) sound can travel through air。
that引導(dǎo)的從句在主句中充當(dāng)know的賓語，故為賓語從句，此時(shí)that可以省略。
但：(1)在介詞短語后的賓語從句中that常不可省略，且前面往往有個(gè)形式賓語it。如：
You may depend on it that they will support your plan。
See to it that you arrive at the railway station on time。
(2)兩個(gè)賓語從句連用時(shí)，即使省略了第一個(gè)that，也不可省略第二個(gè)that。如：
I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will get better。
(3)在雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句充當(dāng)直接賓語或是間接賓語時(shí)，不可以省略that。如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow。
2. that引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句及表語從句時(shí)，正規(guī)語中，通常不可省略。
(1)We heard the news that our team had won。
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，that不可以省略。
(2)The fact is that we have lost the game。
that引導(dǎo)表語從句，that不可以省略。
(3)That you didn’t go to the party was a pity.
that引導(dǎo)主語從句，that不可以省略。
不過，如果it作形式主語，that從句放在句末，可以省略that。
(4)It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the party。
三、that引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，充當(dāng)連詞，有時(shí)也可省略。
1.在結(jié)果狀語從句中，that有時(shí)可以省略。如：
The sound is so weak (that) you can’t hear it。
總之，that的省略現(xiàn)象在英語學(xué)習(xí)中很普遍，尤其是在定語從句和賓語從句中，大家遇到這兩種句型時(shí)要多加留心that是如何使用的，注意總結(jié)。另外，如果大家對(duì)that省略的情況把握不好，建議大家在寫作時(shí)最好不要省略that。
拓展閱讀
一、時(shí)間狀語從句中的省略
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小時(shí)，就開始學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。
While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大學(xué)時(shí)就開始認(rèn)識(shí)他，一個(gè)奇怪但有能力的學(xué)生。
When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到達(dá)之后，來個(gè)電報(bào)。
Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前，請(qǐng)關(guān)閉所有的燈。
Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你請(qǐng)你不要進(jìn)來。
Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么時(shí)候只要有可能就來幫忙。
You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你應(yīng)盡快讓我們知道結(jié)果。
注：as在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，沒有這種省略現(xiàn)象。我們不可說As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.
二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句中的省略
地點(diǎn)狀語從句的.省略常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,
Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把這些書放在你可能容易找到的地方。
Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠詞。
三、條件狀語從句中的省略
常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：
Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 貨物如果準(zhǔn)備好了，請(qǐng)送過來。
He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他來，他就來。
If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，朝我家里打電話。
Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧。
If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，這會(huì)給我們帶來很多麻煩。
There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能記起他。
You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你應(yīng)呆在你現(xiàn)在的地方不動(dòng)，除非叫你動(dòng)。
四、讓步狀語從句中的省略
He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是個(gè)好人，盡管有時(shí)有點(diǎn)無聊。
Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想聽如此壞的報(bào)告。
五、比較狀語從句中的省略
She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她鋼琴彈的我你彈的一樣好。
She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.她完成得比預(yù)期要早。
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