定語從句語法講解英語
定語從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞(英語:relative word)引導(dǎo)的從句,下面是小編整理的定語從句語法講解英語,一起來看看吧。
定語從句語法講解英語1
(一)定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu):在復(fù)合句中,修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子(做這個名詞或代詞的定語)叫定語從句,定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞,它與定語從句之間要有一個詞連接,這個詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語,賓語,時間,地點,原因狀語。
結(jié)構(gòu):先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.
4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
(二)定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句:
限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明,缺少它,則句義顯得不完整,從句與先行詞緊密相連。 非限定性定語從句:對先行詞進行補充說明,解釋,它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.
3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.
4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.
。ㄈ╆P(guān)系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞,這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
定語從句語法講解英語2
要學(xué)定語從句,得知道什么是定語。定語是用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的。例如,a good book, good就是定語。那么復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句就叫做定語從句。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),相當(dāng)于形容詞,在句中作定語。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose等,絕對沒有what;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why,how等。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的某個成分。
一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引導(dǎo)的從句
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語指人,whom作賓語指人,that既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來指人或物,只用作定語。
。1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
。2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
。3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說話的那個男人是我們的英語老師
。4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。
2、由which, that引導(dǎo)的`從句
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,作賓語時可以省略,例如:
。1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)
。2)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語)
注意: 代表物時多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:
a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時;
b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時,這時的that常被省略;
c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級修飾時;
d)先行詞中既有人又有物時;
e)整個句中前面已有which,who,that時;
f)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語時;
g)先行詞為one時;
h)先行詞同時又被the only,the very,the same修飾時;
二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、when指時間在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地點在定語從句中做地點狀語 Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常見考法
對于定語從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運用的能力。一般情況下,常從關(guān)系詞的意義和功能的角度考查,重點是that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
典型例題:You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析:先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略。第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略。
答案:D
【定語從句語法講解英語】相關(guān)文章:
GMAT語法講解:狀語從句10-13
2015年大學(xué)英語四級考試語法講解:定語從句11-14
2018廣東高考英語定語從句語法填空題09-06
2017中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí):定語從句09-22
考研英語語法之定語從句的四種翻譯法08-24
英語四級作文定語從句09-16
2015年大學(xué)英語四級考試語法講解:從句11-14
2015年大學(xué)英語四級考試語法講解:狀語從句11-14