高中定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)
英語(yǔ)是一種西日耳曼語(yǔ)支，最早被中世紀(jì)的英國(guó)使用，并因其廣闊的殖民地而成為世界使用面積最廣的語(yǔ)言。下面是小編整理的高中定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
對(duì)比法導(dǎo)入：
1.The black bag is beautiful.
2. The bag which you bought yesterday is beautiful. 不同：第一個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)。
我有一只蘋(píng)果。那只蘋(píng)果是紅色的。
我有一只紅色的蘋(píng)果。(除了用I have a red apple. 還可以用一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)) I have an apple. The apple is red.
I have an apple that / which is red.
I like some friends. Some friend like sports. (用定語(yǔ)從句合并成為一個(gè)復(fù)合句)
The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. (同上) The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.
The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
如何合并兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句成為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句?
找錯(cuò)誤：(結(jié)論：先行詞不能出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句中)
1. The boy whom/that we saw the boy yesterday is my brother.
2. The car which /that my uncle had just bought it was destroyed in the earthquake.
定語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。
關(guān)系代詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞，在句子中充當(dāng)名詞作用，有： Who, whom, which, that, whose, as
關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的副詞，在句子中充當(dāng)副詞的作用。 有：when, where和why
限制性定語(yǔ)從句(識(shí)別性從句)：對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，與主句的關(guān)系十分密切。
Do you know the woman who/that lives next door?
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(補(bǔ)充性從句)：對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi), 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ), 不能用that和why(可以用for+which)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略。E.g.Last night, I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March.討論：討論關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞在以下定語(yǔ)從句中的不同作用。 1. Do you know the woman who/that lives next door? 2. The woman whom I want to visit was not in the company. 3. What happened to the money that /which you are looking for?
4. Please pass me the magazine whose cover is yellow.
5. I shall never forget the day when I bought I bought my computer.
6. People would like to live in the country where there is plenty of sunshine and fresh air.
7. The reason why I am phoning you is to invite you to my birthday party.
考點(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞
方法一、找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞。 用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。 you made such a great success. The reason ___ she gave was not true.
方法2、確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物動(dòng)詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用關(guān)系副詞。(常用�？�) 方法3、如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。 October 1st is the day ________ new China was founded. 考點(diǎn)二：that/which 代物時(shí)用that的情況
看例子，找規(guī)律：
1)English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
1.先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)。
2) This is the last place (that) I want to visit.
2.先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。
3)You should hand in all that you have.
3.先行詞是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none，any,
few, little, no, all, much,等代詞時(shí)。
4)The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
先行詞前面有the only, the very, every等修飾時(shí)。
5)Who is the man that is standing there?
當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，用that,不用which.
6)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)
1. God help those who help themselves . 天助自助者。
2. He who laughs last laughs best . 笑到最后的人才是英雄。
3. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man .不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。
4. He who is content (滿足) is always happy.知足者常樂(lè)。
8. 能力提高：
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
3. July 1, 1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
4. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
5. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
6. This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
7. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
8. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
填入who, whom, whose, which, where 或why,完成下面的練習(xí)
The town of Keswick, which lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect place for a holiday,and the Derwent hotel,_____overlooks the town, is the perfect place to stay. Robin and Wendy, ______ bought this small hotel 3 years ago, have already won an excellent reputation. Robin, ______cooking is one of the reasons____the Derwent is so popular, was once Young Chef of the Year. The comfort of the guests, ______the owner treat almost as members of the family, always comes first. Peter Ustinov, _____once stayed at the hotel, described it as “marvelous”. And the Lake District,______has so much wonderful scenery and ____the poet Wordsworth lived, will not disappoint you.
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B. that; why
C. for that; hat D. for which; what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them
C. neither of which D. none of which
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels
C. such novels D. same novels
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B.all what C. that D. which
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title
C. the title of it D. the title of that
高中定語(yǔ)從句例子
(一)定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)
1.定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。
2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。
關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;B、代替先行詞;C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the man， “who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
(二)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1.who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門(mén)口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我們物理的老師。
2.whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，�？墒÷浴�
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财?chē)上談?wù)摰哪莻�(gè)人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常可用who 來(lái)代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3.Which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)�？墒÷�。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜歡外國(guó)作家寫(xiě)的書(shū)。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖邊的.那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。
4.That 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒?
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳大利亞的信。
5.Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
(三)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來(lái)。
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我們將去聽(tīng)那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?/p>
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。
注意：1. 含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 這是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (誤)
2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that;關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你剛才跟他談話的那個(gè)人是我的鄰居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (誤)
3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我們班總共有40個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今為止，他寫(xiě)了10部小說(shuō)，其中3部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。
詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句特例
1)...... ， ...of +關(guān)系代詞。2)which 代替this/that/the
(四)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎?
2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎?
3. why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。
注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)�？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長(zhǎng)大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他為什么拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)的原因是十分明了的。
(五)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。
意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。
譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“...的”
關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 B.可用that C.可用who 代替whom
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。
意義上：只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。
譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。
關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whom
限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很?chē)?yán)格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中國(guó)是1949年成立的， 現(xiàn)在正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。
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