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高中定語(yǔ)從句例子
定語(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的一個(gè)重要組成部分，它不僅在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中起到錦上添花的作用，更是高考英語(yǔ)考試中的必考內(nèi)容之一。下面是小編收集整理的高中定語(yǔ)從句例子，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
高中定語(yǔ)從句例子
(一)定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)
1.定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。
2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。
關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：
A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;
B、代替先行詞;
C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the man， “who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
(二)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1.who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門(mén)口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我們物理的老師。
2.whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，�？墒÷�。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财?chē)上談?wù)摰哪莻�(gè)人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中�？捎脀ho 來(lái)代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3.Which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)�？墒÷�。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜歡外國(guó)作家寫(xiě)的書(shū)。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。
4.That 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)�？墒÷�。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒?
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳大利亞的信。
5.Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
(三)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來(lái)。
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我們將去聽(tīng)那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?/p>
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。
注意：
1. 含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 這是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (誤)
2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that;關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你剛才跟他談話(huà)的那個(gè)人是我的鄰居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (誤)
3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我們班總共有40個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今為止，他寫(xiě)了10部小說(shuō)，其中3部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。
詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句特例
1)...... ， ...of +關(guān)系代詞。2)which 代替this/that/the
(四)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎?
2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎?
3. why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。
注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)�？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長(zhǎng)大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他為什么拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)的原因是十分明了的。
(五)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。
意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。
譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“...的”
關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 B.可用that C.可用who 代替whom
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。
意義上：只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。
譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。
關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whom
限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很?chē)?yán)格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中國(guó)是1949年成立的， 現(xiàn)在正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。
高中定語(yǔ)從句
一、定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句(Attributi ve Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ)， 若指物，它還可以同of which互換), 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which“結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和”介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。
四、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(cuò)(注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線(xiàn);用不同的顏色表示出。)
(錯(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對(duì)) Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
答案：例1 D,例2 A
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D.
而句2中， 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A.
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)) 。
五、限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1) 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。(非限制性)
2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞， 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾， 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝�，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。
說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
六、介詞+關(guān)系詞
1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。
2)that前不能有介詞。
3) 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
七、as, which非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that.As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例題
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. itB. thatC. whichD. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which,it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it
答案B.which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. thatB. whichC. asD. it
答案B.
as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：
(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.
在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B.
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)， 和……一樣……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有正如。
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ);例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。
八、先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
what/whatever/that……
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
九、關(guān)系代詞that的用法
1)不用that的情況
a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a)在there be 句型中，只用that,不用which.
b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that,不用which.
c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that.
d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that.
e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察
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