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where定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別
從句,即從屬子句,是復(fù)句中具有分屬地位的分句,它是一種絕大部分語(yǔ)言都有的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。以下是小編整理的where定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
where定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別
最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法是看where是否有指代先行詞
應(yīng)到定語(yǔ)從句還是狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別主要可以從以下三點(diǎn)來(lái)看:
一、where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),where是關(guān)系副詞,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),其前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞,where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞.例如:
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
We will start at the point where we left off.
二、where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),where是從屬連詞,where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,where前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞.例如:
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang Rivermeet.
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
I found my books where I had left them.
有時(shí),where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句兼有抽象條件含義,可放在主句的前面,而where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句則不能。例如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.〔諺語(yǔ)〕有志者事竟成。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。
三、在有些情況下,where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:
A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.(=A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。
Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.)溫暖而多雨的地方最適合于竹子生長(zhǎng)。
where定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題
1. The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002年春季高考上海)
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
2. Hes got him self into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001年上海)
A. where B. which C. while D. why
3. She found her calculator ____ she lost it.(2000年上海)
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
4. You should m ake it a rule to leave things ____ you can find them again.(NMET99)
A. when B. where C. then D. there
5. After the war, a new school building was put up ____ there had once been a theatre.(NMET97)
A. that B. where C. which D. when
6. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the sm all town ____ he grew up as a child.(NMET96)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
7. When you read the book, youd better make a mark ____ you have any questions.(MET86)
A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where
8. I can still rem em ber the sitting-room ____ my m other and I used to sit in the evening.(MET86)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
不難看出,上述試題都考查where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句。在第2, 6, 8題中, where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,答案分別是A, B和D。在第1, 3, 4, 5, 7題中, where引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,答案分別是C, A, B, B和D。那么,如何區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句呢?筆者認(rèn)為,可從以下幾個(gè)方面加以區(qū)別。
一、where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), where是關(guān)系副詞,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),其前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞, where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞。例如:
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.我買(mǎi)這本書(shū)的那個(gè)書(shū)店離這里不遠(yuǎn)。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.這就是我兩年前住的那個(gè)房子。 We will start at the point where we left off.我們將從上次停下來(lái)的地方開(kāi)始。
二、where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí), where是從屬連詞, where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, where前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。例如:
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.武漢位于長(zhǎng)江和漢江匯合處。
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑問(wèn)的地方做一個(gè)記號(hào)。 I found my books where I had left them.我在我原來(lái)放書(shū)的地方找到了我的書(shū)。 有時(shí), where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句兼有抽象條件含義,可放在主句的前面,而where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句則不能。例如:
Where there is a will, there is a way.[諺語(yǔ)]有志者事竟成。
Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方就有生命。
三、在有些情況下, where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:
A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.(=A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。
Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.(=Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.)溫暖而多雨的地方最適合于竹子生長(zhǎng)。
where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
一、where 初印象
Where最早出現(xiàn)在初一時(shí)對(duì)劃線部分的提問(wèn)的練習(xí)題中。例如:
I have been hiding in the room.
如果對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn),(當(dāng)時(shí)不明白對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)是什么意思,現(xiàn)在才明白)也就是說(shuō),劃線部分的信息是不知道,而又是提問(wèn)者想知道的,因此需要找一個(gè)兼具二者功能的一個(gè)詞,作為提問(wèn)的關(guān)鍵信息詞,開(kāi)始發(fā)問(wèn)。從陳述到提問(wèn),我們用where替代了in the room, 并且作為最關(guān)鍵的信息放在句首,而后將原來(lái)的句子整體變成疑問(wèn)句,配合where,放在其后,所以構(gòu)成問(wèn)句:
Where have you been hiding?(新概念二冊(cè)60)
二、從特殊疑問(wèn)詞where到定語(yǔ)從句where
其實(shí),從特殊疑問(wèn)詞where到定語(yǔ)從句where, where的根本是沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化的,where依然代替了一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)而已。where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用錯(cuò)主要原因在于很多學(xué)習(xí)者將事物等價(jià)了地點(diǎn)。在定語(yǔ)從句中,where所修飾的名詞,我們一般認(rèn)為表示明顯地點(diǎn)的名詞,如the park, theplace, the square等,實(shí)際上這些名詞并非表示地點(diǎn),而是表示事物的名稱(chēng)而已,他們表示公園,地方和廣場(chǎng),如果要表示地點(diǎn),需要說(shuō)“在花園里”,“在這個(gè)地方”,或“在廣場(chǎng)上”等,也就是說(shuō)從名詞到地點(diǎn)在英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于是否需要添加介詞。綜上:
the square 表事物,即廣場(chǎng),在定語(yǔ)從句中直接替代才可以用which/that
in the square表地方,即在廣場(chǎng)上,在定語(yǔ)從句中替代才可用where。
三、where引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句:從思維到直接表達(dá)
實(shí)際上,世界上任何一個(gè)名詞,若可以表示一個(gè)事物,如果添加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,均可以表示地點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō)任一個(gè)表示事物的名詞,均可以用which, that, 或where來(lái)寫(xiě)句子。例如:
The table which was smashed into pieces by Jeremy was boughtlast week.
這個(gè)句子的思維過(guò)程是:作者看到了桌子,對(duì)應(yīng)出英文單詞the table, 接著直接用對(duì)桌子本身的描述來(lái)修飾桌子,第一步先替代桌子本身用which/that,因?yàn)橹苯用枋,所以后面直接?xiě)桌子怎么樣,也就是需要寫(xiě)上從句的謂語(yǔ)成分,也就是was smashed into pieces yesterday. 后面接著寫(xiě)作者真正要寫(xiě)的關(guān)于桌子的內(nèi)容也就是:was bought last week.
當(dāng)然,對(duì)桌子的修飾,作者如果并不是直接說(shuō)桌子,而是其他主體來(lái)說(shuō),這是的思維過(guò)程則不同,例如:
The table which I bought last week was smashed into pieces yesterday.
當(dāng)看到桌子,說(shuō)出the table, 然后用which代替桌子之后,這是桌子腦海中出現(xiàn)與桌子相關(guān)的其他主體,例如上句中的我(I),接下來(lái)作者在思考是需要構(gòu)建出的句子,一方面是我發(fā)出的,兩一方面也必須將桌子含到從句之中,所以作者說(shuō)出I bought yesterday這樣的從句,然后作者在說(shuō)出真正想說(shuō)的關(guān)于桌子的部分即可。
倘若出現(xiàn)where引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句修飾桌子,如:
The table where a cat is sitting was bought last week.
這個(gè)句子的思考過(guò)程是,作者看到桌子,對(duì)應(yīng)出英語(yǔ)the table, 然后寫(xiě)上where,即表示on the table 也就是作者打算寫(xiě)發(fā)生在桌子上的一件事情,來(lái)修飾桌子,本句中作者寫(xiě)出了a cat is sitting, 然后再寫(xiě)出作者想要表達(dá)出的內(nèi)容,也就是wasbought last week. 即可。
以上是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞在添加定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的思考過(guò)程,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,也希望各位交流。
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