限定性定語(yǔ)從句講解
限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。下面是小編為大家推薦限定性定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容,希望能夠幫助到你,歡迎大家的閱讀參考。
關(guān)系代詞
⒈ that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略代詞,which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。[eg:this is the book which you want。]而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ),注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來(lái)的位置
⒉ which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟(eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=====I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film.)
、 代表物時(shí)多用which,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which,這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代詞時(shí),或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時(shí)等,這時(shí)的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)時(shí).以及先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí).還有句中前面有which時(shí),都只能用that
⒋ who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人,分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的`賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
whose=of which/ whom
、 where是關(guān)系副詞,用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句
、 when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間[注]值得一提的是,表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用when引導(dǎo),有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞,當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)
By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc.
、 whose是關(guān)系代詞,修飾名詞作定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物,當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí),可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣.
、 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing時(shí),常用there is來(lái)引導(dǎo)
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說(shuō)話(huà)。
練習(xí)題
1. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales A. which B. that
C. when
D. where 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 3. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when
C. to whom
D. on which 4. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of ______ uses it somewhat
differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 7. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
【解析】
1. D!皃osition”為先行詞,后面是其定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),因此,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞“where”來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。因此,正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
2. D。process意為“過(guò)程”;分析從句結(jié)構(gòu),從句為完整的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),in which(the process)作從句的狀語(yǔ)。
3. B。when引導(dǎo)定義從句,在從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),修飾先行詞an age(時(shí)代). 此處的when=at which。
4. C。句意:該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)將會(huì)頒發(fā)給其作品最具有想象力的作者。 先行詞為the writer, 代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:The writer’s story shows the most imagination.,由此可見(jiàn),先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作story的定語(yǔ),故答案為C項(xiàng)。
5. A。句意:她具有給學(xué)生營(yíng)造一種允許他們自由交流的氛圍的天賦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,定語(yǔ)從句“_____ allows them to communicate freely with each other”修飾先行詞atmosphere,將先行詞代入從句后為:The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other,由此可知先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),而且指代物,所以需用關(guān)系代詞which,故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。
6. A。句意:英語(yǔ)是一種被幾種不同文化共有的語(yǔ)言,每種文化使用英語(yǔ)多少有些不同。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為cultures,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:Each of the cultures uses it somewhat differently,由此可見(jiàn)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),且of被提前,故答案為A項(xiàng)。what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,故被排除;如選C項(xiàng),需在each of前加并列連詞。
7. B。句意:那些不是很活躍,或者飲食中熱量太高的孩子會(huì)很快長(zhǎng)胖。先行詞為children。 or連接兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞為who,第二個(gè)關(guān)系詞為考查點(diǎn),先行詞children在第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中與從句中的主語(yǔ)diet形成所屬關(guān)系:children’s diet,故選擇B項(xiàng)。
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