定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)分方法
英語里的強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句我們到底可以通過什么地方進(jìn)行好區(qū)分呢?以下是小編整理的定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)分方法,歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。
定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)分方法包括:
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語從句的比較
強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的it is / was…that同時(shí)省去,句子仍然成立;而主語從句將that與后面部分代替it,成立。如:
(1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所見到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同樣成立,因此前面的句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟五號(hào)這件事情真令人興奮。
本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 顯然句子錯(cuò)誤,因此,前面句子不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而是主語從句。
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句的比較
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It沒有實(shí)際意義,It be與that可同時(shí)被省略;而定語從句中的It是主語,It be與that不可同時(shí)省略;
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中be的時(shí)態(tài)須跟后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)相一致;而定語從句中主句謂語動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)須由主句的時(shí)間確定;
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名詞是事物時(shí),也不能將that換成which;而定語從句中的that作賓語時(shí)可被省略,并且當(dāng)先行詞是事物時(shí)可用which代替。
◎當(dāng)it be后面的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞作主語、賓語或表語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可用that / which;而作其他成分時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞須用when / which。如:
(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天買的書。(本句是對(duì)What is that?問句的回答,that所引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,that可被省略)
It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所賣的就是這本書。(本句相當(dāng)于對(duì)I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))
(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過去常在開會(huì)的房子。(where 所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)前面的room進(jìn)行說明,它是定語從句)
It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 過去我們開會(huì)就在這間房子里。(in the room是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分,本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的'日子。 (when所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)a day進(jìn)行說明,是定語從句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天,人們慶祝了他們的勝利。(強(qiáng)調(diào)on October 1, 1949)
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語從句的比較
◎狀語從句句首的It本身就是句子的主語;而強(qiáng)調(diào)句首的It不作任何成分也沒有實(shí)際意義。
◎狀語從句的連接副詞that及句子前面的It be不能去掉(from)。
◎狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是when / where,而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不能用其他詞代替。如:
(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的書,我們大家都非常喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語主從復(fù)合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我們大家都非常喜歡的就是一本如此有趣的書。(強(qiáng)調(diào)such an interesting book)
(比較:It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 這就是我們大家都非常喜歡的如此有趣的書。定語從句)
(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 當(dāng)他醒來時(shí),已經(jīng)是早晨了。(時(shí)間主從復(fù)合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒來了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the next morning)
定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法
第一單元:強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1. 一個(gè)人的實(shí)際能力才是企業(yè)所真正看重的。
It is ones practical capability that enterprises truly value.
2. 我認(rèn)為我們發(fā)明一種新的語言來取代英語是沒有必要的.
I dont think it necessary to invent a new kind of language to take the place of English.
7. 令人感到遺憾的是大多數(shù)人所在乎的僅僅就只是他們?cè)趺礃硬拍芨嗟刭嵉藉X。
It is a pity that all the majority of people care about is how they could be paid more.
8. 隨著越來越多的婦女參與全職工作,由誰來照顧孩子已經(jīng)成為了社會(huì)上的一個(gè)問題。
With increasing number of women taking part in full-time jobs, who should take care of children has become a social issue.
第二單元:定語從句
1. 我們這次還是約在上次一起吃晚飯的餐廳見面吧!
Lets meet at the restaurant where we had dinner together last time!
定語從句解題三大技巧
在解題過程中,首先要正確判斷是不是定語從句,若是疑問句要將其恢復(fù)為陳述句,尤其注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、和是否已有并列連詞(如but, and)和從屬連詞如(if, when),還要注意是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
1. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
分析:答案為D。注意,定語從句修飾的先行詞是people不是wedding,所以不能選C,因?yàn)閣hich用于指人;關(guān)系代詞that不能直接用于介詞后作賓語,故排除B;them不是關(guān)系代詞,不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,故可排除A(注:若在most of前面有并列連詞and,則只能選A)。句意為:約翰邀請(qǐng)了40個(gè)人來參加他的婚禮,其中大多數(shù)都是家屬。
注意:假若此題在逗號(hào)后加一個(gè)連詞 and,則答案就不能選 D,而應(yīng)選 A。
2. He may win the competition, ______ he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case
分析:答案為A。由于兩句之間沒有并列連詞,所以不是并列句,故可排除B和C;雖然which和whose均可引導(dǎo)定語從句,且均可用作定語,但which的意思與指示代詞相似,whose的意思與物主代詞相似,根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選A。其實(shí),若空格前有并列連詞and,則答案應(yīng)選B。另外,順便說一句,in which case是非限制性引導(dǎo)定語從句的慣用表達(dá)。又如:
My father may have to go into hospital, in which case I won’t be going on holiday. 我父親可能要住院,如果那樣我就不去度假了。
He won’t want to eat it unless he’s really hungry, in which case he’ll eat almost anything. 除非很餓,否則他不會(huì)吃東西,一旦餓了,他幾乎什么都吃。
Of course it may rain, in which case we'll have to hold the ceremony indoors. 當(dāng)然可能會(huì)下雨,如果那樣的話,我們就只能在室內(nèi)舉行儀式了。
She may have missed the train, in which case she won’t arrive for another hour. 她可能沒趕上火車,要是那樣的話,她可能還等一個(gè)小時(shí)才會(huì)到。
技巧二
在確定是定語從句后,就要找準(zhǔn)先行詞,看它是指人還是指物,是時(shí)間還是地點(diǎn)。如:
The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
分析:答案為B。定語從句中不缺少主干成分,且先行詞platform指地點(diǎn),故選關(guān)系副詞where。句意為:博物館將在春季開放,到時(shí)會(huì)舉行展覽并設(shè)置景觀臺(tái),供參觀者觀看這座大型的玻璃暖房施工建設(shè)。
技巧三
要弄清先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分。最后,再根據(jù)關(guān)系詞各自的用法特點(diǎn)去確定恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。如:
Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
分析:答案為B。who在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾代詞those(那些人),同時(shí)who在定語從句中用作主語。由于what不是關(guān)系代詞,不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,故可排除C;關(guān)系代詞which只用于指物,不用于指人,故排除D;whom雖然可以用于指人,但它是賓格,不能用作主語,故排除A。句意為:幸福和成功通常屬于那些善于發(fā)現(xiàn)自己長(zhǎng)處的人。
在解題過程中,首先要正確判斷是不是定語從句,若是疑問句要將其恢復(fù)為陳述句,尤其注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、和是否已有并列連詞(如but, and)和從屬連詞如(if, when),還要注意是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),然后在確定是定語從句后,就要找準(zhǔn)先行詞,看它是指人還是指物,是時(shí)間還是地點(diǎn),要弄清先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分。最后,再根據(jù)關(guān)系詞各自的用法特點(diǎn)去確定恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。你掌握了嗎?
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