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非限定性定語(yǔ)從句例句
定語(yǔ)從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語(yǔ),所以曾被稱為定語(yǔ)從句。以下是小編整理的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句例句,僅供參考,大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
例句1:
(1) who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.
我們的向?qū),一個(gè)法裔加拿大人,擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。
Then he met Mary,who invited him to a party.
后來(lái)他遇到瑪麗,瑪麗邀請(qǐng)他去參加晚會(huì)。
My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.
我家的園丁非常悲觀,他說(shuō)今年將不結(jié)蘋果。
(2) whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人,在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可位于句末。如:
Peter,whom you mey in London,is now back in Paris.
彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見過(guò)他。
Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。
(3) whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人,也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。如:
The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard.
那位小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力,他的父親是位工程師。
Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
在樹林的高處是山,其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。
The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.
這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品,風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。
(4) which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
、 which指代主句中的名詞,被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如:
These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.
這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的,還沒有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。
She is an artist,which I am not.
她是一位藝術(shù)家,而我不是。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。
The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.
那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任,事實(shí)上,也真是如此。
、 which指代主句中的形容詞。如:
She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.
她對(duì)孩子們很耐心,她丈夫卻很少這樣。
She is always careless,which we should not be.
她總是馬虎大意,我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。
、 which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。如:
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.
他說(shuō)以前從沒見過(guò)她,這不是真的。
、 which指代整個(gè)主句。如:
In the presence of so many people he was little tense,which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張,這是可以理解的。
He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.
他可能得了急性盲腸炎,如果是這樣,他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。
When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作,這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。
(5) when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。如:
He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free.
他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào),那時(shí)他將有空。
(6) where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。如:
They went to London,where they lived for six months.
他們?nèi)チ藗惗,在那兒呆了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。
They reached there yesterday,where a negotiation of sale will be held.
他們昨天抵達(dá)那里,有一個(gè)關(guān)于銷售的談判在那兒舉行。
(7) as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。但通常用于像as we allaknow,as it is know,as is know to all,as it is,as is said above,as always mentioned above,as is usual,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。 如:
As it known to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American writer.
美國(guó)人都知道,馬克.吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He forgot to bring his pen with him,as was often the case.
他忘了帶筆,這是常事。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is absorbed in work,as he often was.
他正在全神貫注地工作,他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))
Boy as he was, he was chosen king.
他雖是孩子,卻被選為國(guó)王。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))
as we all know,the earth is round.
眾所周知,地球是圓的。 (as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.
兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿意,這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.
你知道,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
(8)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which有時(shí)并不代表主句中某一確定的詞,而是概括整個(gè)主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配。
They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved.
他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒,沒有它們產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少一半。
They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.
他們對(duì)湯姆表示了感謝,因?yàn)闆]有他的支持他們就不會(huì)成功。
These new neighbors,to whom I was introduced yesterday,have come here from Beijing.
這些鄰居是北京來(lái)的,昨天我被介紹同他們認(rèn)識(shí)了。
(9)“名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.
現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬(wàn)公頃土地,其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。
Light is the fast thing in the world,the speed of which is 300.000 kilometers per second.
世界上光的速度是最快的,其速度是每秒三十萬(wàn)公里。
There are 30 chairs in the small hall,most of which are new.
大廳里有三十把椅子,絕大部分是新的。
The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women.
這家紡織廠有8千多職工,女職工占百分之八十。
拓展:注意事項(xiàng)
1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分。
2. as有時(shí)也可用作關(guān)系代詞 。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,若as在從句中作主語(yǔ),其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放句中。
例句:
As is reported in the newspaper ,some artistic treasures(藝術(shù)珍品) will be on show at the exhibition (展覽品)on the weekend.
3. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系詞不能用that,和those。
例句2:
一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語(yǔ)從句,顧名思義,是對(duì)先行詞從本質(zhì)或特征上進(jìn)行限制的一種定語(yǔ)從句,它所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)(些)或一類特定的人或事、物。例如:
A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.
一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
A man被限定后,指一類特定的人。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能去掉的,否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然,它只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,去掉之后并不影響整個(gè)句子的含義。在形式上,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號(hào)隔開。例如:
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam,which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.
最后我們參觀了長(zhǎng)江三峽大壩,它是目前世界上最大的水利樞紐工程。
本句若去掉定語(yǔ)從句,主句部分的含義仍然完整。歷年的高考題中,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的考點(diǎn)之一,因此值得我們注意。
二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞,也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。例如:
That Peter will marry Alice,which has not been announced yet,has spread around.
彼特要娶愛麗斯這件事還沒宣布,卻已被傳得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。
句子中的which指代“彼特要娶愛麗斯”這件事。
三、除which外,還可用when,where,who,whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如:
After graduation,I decided to stay in Chongqing,where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.
畢業(yè)后,我決定留在重慶,在那里我度過(guò)了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II,when Jews were badly treated in Germany.
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,愛因斯坦離開德國(guó)去了美國(guó),那時(shí)猶太人在德國(guó)受到極大的歧視。
注意:that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
四、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,如果先行詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略;但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省,同時(shí)關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換。試比較:
The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.
播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)被匪徒殺害了。
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,whom he loved and respected as his own mother.
他急于想去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母,他像對(duì)親生母親一樣愛戴和尊敬她。
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