限定性定語從句英文
限定性定語從句英文
1、前置法
把定語從句翻譯到它所修飾的先行詞前面,常常用“的”來連接。(定語從句較短,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單)
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們正努力探索的新世界。
2、后置法
把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面,翻譯為并列分句,關(guān)系詞可以翻譯為先行詞或者與先行詞相對應(yīng)的代詞。英語的英語從句結(jié)構(gòu)常常比較復(fù)雜,如果翻譯在其修飾的先行詞前面的.話,會顯得定語太臃腫,而無法敘述清楚。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.
他雖然經(jīng)驗不足,但很有進取心和創(chuàng)造力,而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。
3、狀譯法
有些定語從句,在邏輯上與主句有狀語關(guān)系,表示原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等,譯成漢語中相對應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系,翻譯為狀語從句。
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.
他堅持再買一幢房子,盡管他用不著。
4、融合法
前三種翻譯方法在考研英語翻譯中會經(jīng)常使用,而最后一種方法-融合法不太常用,僅供大家了解。
把主句和定語從句融合成一個簡單句,其中定語從句譯成簡單句中的謂語部分。
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
在我們工廠里,許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
樓下有人要見你。
練習(xí)題目:
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:
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