限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法
限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。下面是小編收集整理的限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法1
在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which
。1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
。2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂(lè),而他恰恰與我相反。
。3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。
。1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在讀的書很有趣。
(2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?
限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法區(qū)別:
一、 句法的功能、表現(xiàn)形式不同
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可缺少先行詞,去掉它主句意思往往就不明確了,它與主句之間通常不用逗號(hào)分開;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
二、 先行詞不盡相同
限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往是某一個(gè)詞,但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般由which或as引導(dǎo),as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
三、 關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同
1. that 不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
Her father gave her a computer for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
2. why 不用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,需用for which代替。如:
I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party last week.
3. 關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同
關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用 who代替。如:
This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.
The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.
4. 關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同
關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的所有關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。如:
She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you.
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
四、 下列情形用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1. 當(dāng)“不定數(shù)量詞 (如some, several) / 數(shù)詞 + of which / whom”表示“整體 (which / whom)中的一部分”的概念時(shí)。如:
We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.
2. 當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或被物主代詞和指示代詞修飾時(shí),其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。如:
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法2
。ㄒ唬┫薅ㄐ远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句that的用法
that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略代詞,which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。[eg:this is the book which you want。]而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ),注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來(lái)的位置。
(二)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的用法
1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分
2. 在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislikes it.
我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂(lè),而他恰恰與我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
3. 有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞
4. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用that,而用who,whom代表人,用which代表事物.
“限定和非限定”性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
1、限定性定語(yǔ)從句:
不能省略,如果省略整個(gè)句子意思不完整
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句:
可以省略,如果省略整個(gè)句子意思仍然完整
2、限定性定語(yǔ)從句: 可以用that 引導(dǎo)
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句: 不可以用that 引導(dǎo)
3、限定性定語(yǔ)從句: 關(guān)聯(lián)詞有時(shí)可以省略
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句:關(guān)聯(lián)詞不可以省略
4、限定性定語(yǔ)從句:不用逗號(hào)把它和句子的其他部分隔開
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句:用逗號(hào)把它和句子的其他部分隔開
5、限定性定語(yǔ)從句: 只能修飾先行詞
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句:可以修飾先行詞,也可以修飾整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分
這兩種定語(yǔ)從句在其功能和形式方面都有明顯的區(qū)別:
限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的'關(guān)系很緊奏,對(duì)其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。如果將其去掉,會(huì)影響句子意思的完整性;有時(shí)甚至于引起費(fèi)解、誤解。例如:
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
為了加速他們各自所在國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,熱帶雨林作為有價(jià)值的原木和其他資源正為人們所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影響其流經(jīng)的附近地區(qū)的氣候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他們向我們解釋為什么他們不喜歡我們的原因。
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句在形式上就與主句很松散,它與主句之間有一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)","隔開;它對(duì)其先行詞沒(méi)有限定、修飾的作用,只起補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明的作用。有時(shí)也用它來(lái)對(duì)全句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明。即使將其去掉,也不會(huì)影響句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定語(yǔ)從句在表達(dá)意思方面也有別于限定性定語(yǔ)從句。另外,非限定性定語(yǔ)從句在中文譯文里,我們往往將其作為一個(gè)分句處理,而不把它作定語(yǔ)翻譯。例如:Earlier,the Babylonians had attempted to map the world,but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere,which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中,非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞a sphere進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明。)
更早之前,巴比倫人曾試圖繪制世界地圖,但是他們把它繪制成平盤狀而不是托勒密所采用的球體狀。
The combination of satellites,which transmit information,computers,which store information,and television,which displays information,will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中,三個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句分別對(duì)三個(gè)先行詞:satellites ,computers和television進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明。如果去掉這三個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,那么句子可簡(jiǎn)化為:
The combination of satellites,computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)衛(wèi)星能傳輸信息,計(jì)算機(jī)能儲(chǔ)存信息,電視能顯示信息,把這些手段結(jié)合起來(lái)可以使每個(gè)家庭都成為教育娛樂(lè)的中心。
The sun heats the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)全句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明,將全句表達(dá)的意思看成"一件事情)。太陽(yáng)給予大地?zé),這就使植物的生長(zhǎng)成為可能。
The old man has a son,who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞son進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明。但本句所傳達(dá)的信息是:"這位老人只有一個(gè)兒子"。如果將此句改寫成限定性定語(yǔ)從句:
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一個(gè)在部隊(duì)工作的兒子。那么,限定性定語(yǔ)從句就要對(duì)先行詞son進(jìn)行限定、修飾。這樣一來(lái),句子所傳達(dá)的信息就變成了:"這位老人有一個(gè)兒子在部隊(duì)工作,還有其他的兒子在干別的工作"。)那位老人有一個(gè)兒子,他在部隊(duì)工作。
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