定語從句中what和that
定語從句是指一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句，因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語，下面是小編收集整理的定語從句中what和that，希望對大家有幫助！
定語從句中what和that1
一、引導(dǎo)主語從句
that與what都可引導(dǎo)主語從句，that在從句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。what 在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，不能省略。如：
What he said at the meeting was very important．他在會上所說的非常重要。（賓語）
What surprised us is that he did it alone．使我們吃驚的是他一個(gè)人做了那項(xiàng)工作。（主語）
That he did it alone surprised us．他獨(dú)自完成了那項(xiàng)工作使我們感到吃驚。（that用來引導(dǎo)主語從句，在句中不作成分）
二、引導(dǎo)賓語從句
that與what都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，that在從句中不作句子成分，一般情況下可以省略，但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，只能省掉第一個(gè)that。what 在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，不能省略。如：
They stopped to see what was happening．他們停下來看發(fā)生了什么事情。（主語）
The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done．那個(gè)男孩子做的事情讓老師很生氣。（what在賓語從句中作賓語）
All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple．所有的人都認(rèn)為拯救古廟是正確的。（that在賓語從句中不作句子成分且可省略）
We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed．我們必須相信，我們每一個(gè)人都能把某件事情辦好；而且，當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這事情是什么的時(shí)候，我們就必須努力干下去，直到成功為止。（第一個(gè)that可省略，第二個(gè)that不能省略）
三、引導(dǎo)表語從句
that與what都可引導(dǎo)表語從句，that在從句中不作句子成分，且不能省略；what 在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，不能省略。如：
Mary is no longer what she used to be．瑪麗不再是從前那樣了。（what在表語從句中作表語）
The question is what we should do to prevent him from going．問題是我們怎樣做才能阻止他去。（what在表語從句中作動詞do的賓語）
The reason why he didn’t come today is that his mother is ill．他今天沒來的原因是他母親病了。（that只起連接作用）
四、引導(dǎo)同位語從句
that與what都可引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾表示抽象概念的名詞，對所修飾的名詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。這類名詞有：fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。that在從句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。what 在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，不能省略。如：
I have no idea what we should do next．我不知道我們下一步該做什么。（賓語）
He made a promise that he would study hard．他許諾要努力學(xué)習(xí)。that只起連接作用。
The boy expressed his hope that he would be a pilot when he grows up．那個(gè)男孩兒表達(dá)了他長大后想當(dāng)一名飛行員的愿望。（that只起連接作用）
五、引導(dǎo)定語從句
that可引導(dǎo)定語從句且在定語從句中作主語或賓語，that既可指人也可指物。that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。如：
This is one of the buildings that were built last year．這是去年建的樓房之一。（that在定語從句中作主語，指物，不能省略。）
The doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago．你昨天在街上遇到的那位醫(yī)生二十年前就來到這里了。（that 在從句中作賓語，指人并可省略。）
注意：what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。如不能說：
1．He did all what he could to save the patient．
2．All what he needs is more time．
應(yīng)將句中的what改為that，或去掉what，還可以將以上兩句中的all去掉，但兩句的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了根本的改變：句1中的what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，句2中的what引導(dǎo)主語從句。
六、引導(dǎo)狀語從句
so...that, such...that, so that結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)狀語從句。what不能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，但whatever, no matter what可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：
He made such rapid progress in English that before long he could write articles for an American newspaper．他的英語進(jìn)步很快，不久就能為美國的一家報(bào)社寫文章了。
Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them．請把幼苗放在陰涼處以免太陽曬枯它們。
Don’t believe himno matter what he says．無論他說什么，都不要相信他。
定語從句中what和that2
定語從句that和what的區(qū)別
一、引導(dǎo)詞what與that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法區(qū)別引導(dǎo)主語、賓語或表語從句時(shí)，what在從句中要充當(dāng)句子成分;而that引導(dǎo)主語、賓語、表語和同位語從句時(shí)，不作任何成分，只起語法連接作用。試比較：
That George W. Bush won the presidency once again was what many people hadn't expected.喬治?布什再次贏得總統(tǒng)大選，這是很多人沒有預(yù)料到的。
It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it.事情往往是這樣，失去之物，方知珍惜。
二、引導(dǎo)詞what與that在引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法區(qū)別首先，要記住在定語從句中，跟本不用what連接詞。只有that和which.所以大家在做題中，如果是定語從句，就不要再考慮what了。That 在定語從句中，一般可以作從句的主語。賓語和表語。例如：
1、(2005北京春季卷) Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?
where B when C that D what
「分析」C 定語從句連詞，that做從句visit的賓語。沒有what連詞。
2、He is not the naughty boy that he used to be.他不再是從前那個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩了。
鞏固性練習(xí)：從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. (2005福建卷) --Is that the small town you often refer to?
--Right， just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.
A that B which C where D what
2. ____ should be done must be done in time.
A What B All C Anything D All what
3. A computer is so useful a machine ______ we can use everywhere.
A that B which C as D what
4(2005天津卷)last month， part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from _____effects the people are still suffering.
A that B whose C those D what
5. (2005湖北卷) Her sister has becomes a lawyer， _____ she wanted to be.
A who B that C what D which
6. (07安徽) You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.
A that; what B what;/ C which; that D /;that
7. (07陜西) _____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A That B Which C What D as
8. (07上海) ____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
A That B What C Whether D Where
9. (2006全國卷II)--What did your parents think about your decision?
----- They always let me do ____ I think I should.
A. when B that C.how D. what
10. (2005上海卷)The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B which C. what D. that
1. C 定語從句，one是先行詞
2. A what引導(dǎo)主語從句，做從句中can的主語。這里what=all that
3. C so……as……連用，屬于定語從句的范圍。
4. B 定語從句，whose從句effects的定語
5. D 非限定性定語從句，沒有that 和what.
6. B 第一空是of的賓語從句，從句中have缺少賓語，因此用what做連詞。第二空something后面是定語從句。
7. C 主語從句連詞 "父母的所作所為對孩子有終身影響"
8. B主語從句連詞，從句中refer to缺少賓語
9. D 是do的賓語從句
10. D 是介詞at的賓語從句，at 做was 的主語。I think是插入語，可以忽略。
定語從句中what和that3
一.在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，從屬連詞that一般要注意三個(gè)不(three nos)：
1.不省略(no ellipsis)
當(dāng)從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)，that不省略。
Eg. 1) That he was able to come made us happy. (That 引導(dǎo)主語從句不可省略)
2)The truth is that I didn’t go there. (that引導(dǎo)表語從句不可省略)
3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引導(dǎo)同位語從句不可省略)
但在非正式文體中that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略，除下列兩種情況外：
that在賓語從句中不能省略的情況.
(1). 在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that， 從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略
Eg: 4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.(that不可以省略)
他很明確地說他寧愿學(xué)習(xí)英語。
(2). 由連詞and連接的'兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo) 的賓語從句中, 則第二個(gè)賓語從句前的that不省略。
Eg: 5) He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.(第一個(gè)That可以省略，但第二個(gè)that不可以省略。)他告訴我他將來而且他將準(zhǔn)時(shí)來。
2.不作成分(no component)
that 在名詞性從句中不作任何句子成分。
Eg. 6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.(that在句中引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但在句中不作任何成分)
7))That you don’t like him is none of my business. (that在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句，但在句中不作任何成分，也不省略)
3. 沒詞義(no meaning)
that 在名詞性從句中沒有漢語意思。
Eg. 8)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句，但在句中沒有漢語意義)
她是一個(gè)很有錢的女子，這一點(diǎn)我們都知道。
9)The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that在句中引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但在句中沒有漢語意義)
他也許會考試失敗，這一想法使他很擔(dān)心。
二.在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，What一般要注意一個(gè)不(one no),一個(gè)有(meaning),一個(gè)作(component)：
1.不省略
what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，what 在句中不省略。這一用法與that 用法不盡相同。
eg. 10) What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.(what 在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句，what 不省略)
11)----I think it’s going to be a big problem.
----Yes , it could be .
----I wonder what we can do about. (what在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但在句中不省略)
2.有詞義
what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，有詞義。一般是“----的東西/事情/話等”這一用法與that 用法不一樣
eg. 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what在句中引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中有詞義，意思是“----的東西、事情)這是她想讓我們看的東西。
12)What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句，在句中有詞義，意思是“----的東西、事情)老師所說的話對孩子們有很好的作用。
3.作成分
what 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。這一用法與that 用法不一樣。
Eg. 13)It doesn’t matter what he said.( it 是形式主語，what 在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句。What 在主語從句中作said 的賓語。)
14)It was true ______Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that what B. what that C. that that D. all what
評析：這一題正確答案是A。it在句中是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句that Alice did surprised her mother.，在這個(gè)主語從句當(dāng)中，what 又引導(dǎo)了主語從句what Alice did，what在從句中作did 的賓語。
三.要特別注意兩點(diǎn)：
1. What所引導(dǎo)的從句可以在介詞后作賓語，而that從句一般不可以。
Eg： 15)After months of voyage ,Columbus arrived in _____later proved to be a new continent.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
評析：答案是C。因?yàn)樵诮樵~in 后面，應(yīng)該用what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，what在賓語從句中作主語。而that不可以這樣用。
16) On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with _____looked like tiny insects.
A. that B. something C. what D. anything
評析：答案是C。因?yàn)樵诮樵~with 后面，應(yīng)該用what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，what在賓語從句中作主語。而that不可以這樣用。
2. that可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，而且是定語從句引導(dǎo)詞中的頂梁柱，它在定語從句中要充當(dāng)成分，通常作定語從句中的主語、賓語。同時(shí)that也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在名詞性從句中that 不充當(dāng)成分。 但What不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。它只可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在句中相當(dāng)于 what =all that ,what 在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，常常作主語、賓語和表語。
Eg: 17).All _____I want to know is what he meant .
A. that B. which C. what D. whatever
評析：答案是A.本題是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。而what不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。What=all that .又因?yàn)橄刃性~是all ，故其后不可以接which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。而. Whatever=anything that /no matter what 從意義和語法都不符合。所以只能選A,that.
18) ______impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so well.
A. That ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. What ; what
評析：答案是B.第一空是what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語。第二空是that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，that在表語從句中不省略，不作成分，也沒詞義。
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