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whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):關(guān)于whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。下面是小編給大家整理的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能給你帶來(lái)幫助!
(一)who/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法
who、 whom可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾表示人的先行詞,在從句中分別充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)(在非正式場(chǎng)合下,除非緊跟于介詞之后,who經(jīng)?梢源嬖诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的whom).例如:
1.The visitor who came yesterday is Tom.昨天來(lái)訪的那個(gè)人是湯姆.(who引導(dǎo)修飾visitor的限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并且在該從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))
2.His friends,who had tried to dissuade him from smoking,did not succeed.他的那些已經(jīng)盡力勸阻他抽煙的朋友們并沒(méi)有成功.(who引導(dǎo)修飾friends的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句并且在該從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))
3.First came Mary,whom few of us had expected.首先來(lái)的是我們當(dāng)中幾乎沒(méi)有人料到的瑪麗.(whom引導(dǎo)修飾Mary的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句并且在該從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),這里的whom可以被who所代替)
4.He is John to whom you ought to address the request.他是約翰,你應(yīng)該向他提出此項(xiàng)請(qǐng)求.(whom引導(dǎo)修飾John的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句并且在該從句中充當(dāng)介詞to的賓語(yǔ),這里緊跟于介詞to之后的whom不可以被who代替)
注意:that引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示人的先行詞時(shí),通?梢耘cwho換用.不緊跟在介詞后的whom和that通常可以換用(緊跟在介詞后的whom不可以被that代替).例如:The scientist who/that discovers a cure for cancer will be great.發(fā)現(xiàn)治愈癌癥的方法的科學(xué)家將會(huì)因此而偉大. Jim is the man with whom she talked.跟她說(shuō)過(guò)話的那個(gè)人是吉姆.
(二)定語(yǔ)從句的定義
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的`先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過(guò)的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
。ㄥe(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
。ㄥe(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
。▽(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
。▽(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(對(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
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