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介詞定語從句
定語從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語從句句首。下面是小編為大家?guī)淼慕樵~定語從句!
一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞+whom”;如果指“物”，用“介詞+which”。例如：
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?
Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”要注意以下幾點：
(一)選用介詞的'依據(jù)：
(1) 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)。例如：
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
(2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語)。例如：
The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
(3) 根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。例如：
The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.
(4) 表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時，通常用介詞of。例如：
I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.
(二)在定語從句中，含介詞的短語動詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開后含義發(fā)生變化)，如look after, look for等。例如：
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(誤)
(三)“of which / whom”有時可以用“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫。例如：
The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
=The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
(四)當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語從句中缺少狀語時，通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(in which或that可省略);如果定語從句中不缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。例如：
All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.
I don’t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.
(五)in that不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。例如：
She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.
二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)化
(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點，定語從句中缺少地點狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示地點的介詞+which來代替關(guān)系副詞where。例如：
I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
=I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞表示時間，定語從句中缺少時間狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示時間的介詞+which來代替關(guān)系副詞when。例如：
We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.
=We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時也可以用for which來代替關(guān)系副詞why。例如：
Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?
=Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?
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