定語從句考點(diǎn)
定語從句（也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句），是指一類由關(guān)系詞（英語：relative word）引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語，所以曾被稱為定語從句（英語：attributive clause），這類從句除了可以做定語之外，還可以充當(dāng)狀語等其他成分，所以現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語。下面小編為大家?guī)矶ㄕZ從句考點(diǎn)，僅供參考，希望能夠幫到大家。
1. that 與which 在指代物時的用法區(qū)別
that 和which都可以引導(dǎo)先行詞為物的定語從句，但是用法有區(qū)別：
�、� 只能用that的五種情況
a. 先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞由不定代詞修飾時
b. 先行詞前有最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時
c. 先行詞即有人又有物時
d. 先行詞前有the very, the only修飾時
e. 主句為which,或who 引導(dǎo)的.特殊疑問句時
② 只能用which的兩種情況
a. 非限定性定語從句中
b. 介詞之后引導(dǎo)定語從句時
2.which與as的區(qū)別
as 和which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，三種情況下只能用as，不能用which
a. as置于句首引導(dǎo)定語從句時(As we know,…)
b. as 含有“正如”之意(…as we expected)
c. 先行詞前有such, the same 修飾時(…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.)
3. who、whom、that 的區(qū)別
a.先行詞為those或people 時，常用關(guān)系代詞who,不用that
b.介詞之后用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語從句
4. whose 用法
whose+n. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是定語從句的一個考查熱點(diǎn)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成是the+n.+of+which引導(dǎo)定語從句或者可以換成是of which +the+n.
e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
whose hands / of which the hands
5. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法
a. 介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which(先行詞為物)或者是whom(先行詞為人)
b. 介詞的選擇方法有三個原則：一“先”二“動”三“意義”
I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行詞為pen,使用鋼筆用with)
This is the house in which he lives. (定語從句中謂語動詞live為不及物動詞)
The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根據(jù)句意決定)
6. 先行詞為way時
先行詞為way，在定語從句中作狀語時，用that，in which引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。
e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.
7. 關(guān)系副詞when、where、when引導(dǎo)定語從句的具體用法
① 先行詞表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因時，在定語從句中作狀語，選擇相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)定語從句。若其在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則選擇關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。區(qū)別三組例句：
where he lives.
a. This is the place
that/which he visited last year.
when my brother was a little boy.
b. I still remember the time
that/which we spent together.
why he was late.
c. This is the reason
that/which he gave us.
②某些非地點(diǎn)時間名詞有定語從句修飾，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，由where引導(dǎo)定語從句(stage, case, point, situation);同樣用法的還有occasion,由when引導(dǎo)定語從句。
e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.
There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.
8. 定語從句中的謂語動詞
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。
e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand.
Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand.
This is one of the students who have passed the exam.
This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
9. 區(qū)分定語從句和其他句型
�、賲^(qū)別于簡單句和并列句
Most of whom are boys. (定語從句)
There are 70students in our class , and most of them are boys. (并列句)
Most of them are boys. (簡單句)
�、趨^(qū)別于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is in the factory that he works. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
It is the factory where he works. (定語從句)
It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held.
(定語從句修飾先行詞the classroom)
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為介詞短句in the classroom)
�、蹍^(qū)別于同位語從句
that she had passed the exam (同位語從句：對名詞解釋說明)
The news excited us.
that he told us (定語從句：對名詞修飾限定)
�、軈^(qū)別于狀語從句
Do you know the time when the class is over? (定語從句，有先行詞)
Let’s play games when the class is over.(時間狀語從句，無先行詞)
Put the book where it belongs. (地點(diǎn)狀語從句，無先行詞)
10. 定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞不可省略。
This is the house which he lives in. (√)
This is the house he lives in. (√)
This is the house in which he lives. (√)
This is the house in he lives. (×)
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