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定語從句關(guān)系詞
定語從句中的關(guān)系詞的選擇,通過兩個步驟來定，以下是小編為大家整理的定語從句關(guān)系詞，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
一、定語從句的概念
在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞
引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that， which， who（賓格whom，所有格whose），as等；關(guān)系副詞包括where， when， why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用。關(guān)系詞起3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。
本單元學習關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句。
1. who指人，在從句中做主語
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中有的時候常用who代替，并且可以省略。如：
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.→ The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?→ Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
4. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
5. that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從
句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
The number of the people that/who visit the city each year rises one million.
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000．
It sounded like a train which/that was going under the house．
The boy（whom/that/who）we saw yesterday was John’s brother．
The car（which/that）my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake．
關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語，因此定語從句不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。如：
�。ㄕ`）The story（that/which）you told me it yesterday is interesting．
�。ㄕ㏕he story（that/which）you told me yesterday is interesting．
昨天你給我講的那個故事很有趣。
That 和which在定語從句中指物時，常�？梢曰Q。但下面幾種特殊情況，不能互換，只能用that, 不用which.
1）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一個通過考試的人。
2）被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？
3）先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
4）先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
5）以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that. 例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？
正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？
6）主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
I. 用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom填空
1.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4.The house _____we live in is very old.
5.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
II. 單項填空
1. --- Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
--- Yes， he’s our headmaster.
A. he B.who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. thatD. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which；is B. whom；was C. who；is D. who；was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
答案
I. 1. that2. which / that3. who / that4. that / which5. who/ whom/ that
II. 1-5BBCAC6-10ABCCD
【拓展】定語從句關(guān)系詞成分
關(guān)系代詞：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，并且在從句中作主語；在現(xiàn)代英語里，也可取代whom在從句中作動詞的賓語。
例如：I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .我不認識寫這篇文章的那個人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .
whom 用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，并且在從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語。在現(xiàn)代英語里，如果whom在從句中作動詞的賓語，它與who可以通用；但是如果whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，那么就只能用whom而不能與who通用了。當然，如果在口語或非正式文體中，介詞沒有提前，也就沒有這點要求了。例如：Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ? 剛才和你說話的那個女孩子是誰？
Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .
昨天在購物中心，我碰巧遇見了那位我在一次聚會上認識的教授。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他們正在尋找那位醫(yī)生剛剛給他做過手術(shù)的病人。
(句中的關(guān)系代詞whom代替the patient ，在從句中作介詞on的賓語，而且介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞的.前面，所以who 和whom就絕不可以通用了，此處只能用whom 。)
Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （錯誤）(句中的關(guān)系代詞whom(who)代替the girl ，在從句中作介詞to的賓語，但是由于介詞to已提到了關(guān)系代詞的前面,who 和whom就絕不可以通用了,所以如果還繼續(xù)使用who句子就錯了。此處只能用whom 。)whose 用于代替"表示人或物意義"的先行詞，在從句中作定語，往往與它所修飾的名詞一起構(gòu)成一個名詞短語在從句中擔當成分。Whose常表達"某人的、某物的"之意。
例如：Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥與你同寢室的那位女孩的名字嗎？
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor. 沸點在攝氏100度的水無色、無味。which 用于代替"表示事物意義"的先行詞，在從句中作主語、賓語。
例如：Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是來自國外的觀點或許也很難被接受。
I've got a novel which you may like to read .我弄到一本你或許想看的小說。
That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饒恕的錯誤。that 既用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，也用于代替"表示事物意義"的先行詞；在從句中既可以作主語，也可以作謂語動詞的賓語，但是不能作介詞的賓語。在一定范圍內(nèi)，that = who / whom / which 。例如：Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是來自國外的觀點或許也很難被接受。
Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在幾千美元以上的人必須將工資中的一定百分比交付給聯(lián)邦政府。
Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? （錯誤）要點提示：定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略;如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語可以省略。例如：This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday . 這就是你昨天找的那本書。
I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .我不喜歡你看的這本小說。
Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ? 你們談?wù)摰哪莻�人是誰？
定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞的單復數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復數(shù)。
例如：Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .（先行詞Those是復數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞who也就看作是復數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動詞就用了復數(shù)形式are了。）請那些年齡在四十幾歲的人于今天下午去進行體檢。
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .（先行詞the magazine是單數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞which也就看作是單數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動詞就用了單數(shù)形式was sent） 這是通過郵局寄給我的雜志。
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