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高中英語必備基礎(chǔ)句型和時態(tài)
必背句型
句型1：There+be +主語+地點狀語/時間狀語
There're three books on the table.
桌子上有三本書。
句型2：What's wrong with+sb./sth.?
What's wrong with your telephone?
你的手機有什么毛病?
句型3：How do you like…?
How do you like China?你覺得中國怎么樣?
句型4：What do you like about…?
What do you like about China?
你喜歡中國的什么?
句型5：had better(not)+動詞原形
You'd better ask that policeman over there.
你最好去問問那邊的那個警察。
句型7：Thank+sb.+for (doing) sth.
Thank you for coming to see me.
感謝你來看我。
句型8：So+be/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語
He is a student. So am I.
他是一個學(xué)生，我也是。
句型9：not…until…
He didn't have supper until his parents came back.
直到他的父母回來他才吃飯。
句型10：比較級十a(chǎn)nd+比較級
The baby cried harder and harder.
那孩子哭得越來越厲害。
句型11：the+比較級，the+比較級
The more one has,the more one wants.
擁有的越多，想要的越多。
句型12：…as+adj./adv.+as…
…not as(so)+adj./adv.+as…
Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today.
上個星期天的天氣不如今天的天氣潮濕。
句型13：more/less +adj.+than…
I think art is less important than music.
我認為藝術(shù)不如音樂重要。
句型14：stop…from doing sth.
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
綠色長城將阻擋風吹走土壤。
句型15：both…and…
Both you and I are students.
我和你都是學(xué)生。
句型16：either…or…
Either you or he is wrong.
不是你錯就是他錯。
句型17：neither…nor…
Neither he nor I am a student.
我和他都不是學(xué)生。
句型18：…as soon as…
As soon as I see him, I'll give him the message.
我一見到他就把你的消息告訴他。
句型19：so+adj./adv.+that…
I was so tired that I didn't want to speak.
我累得連話也不想說了。
句型20：Though…十主句
Though I like writing to my pen-friend,it takes a lot of time.
雖然我喜歡給筆友寫信，但它要耗費我大量時間。
句型21：be going to
This afternoon I'm going to buy an English book.
今午我要去買本英語書。
句型22：be different from
I think this is different from Chinese names.
我認為這與漢語名字不同。
句型23：Welcome (back) to…
Welcome back to school!
歡迎回到學(xué)校!
句型24：have fun doing
We're going to have fun learning English this term.
這學(xué)期我們將興味盎然地學(xué)習(xí)講英語。
句型25：…because…/…, so..…
I don't know all your names because this is our first lesson.
因為這是我們的第一節(jié)課，所以我并不知道你們所有人的名字。
句型26：Why don't you…/ Why not…?
Why don't you come to school a little earlier?
為什么不早點到校呢?
句型27：make it
Let's make it half past nine.
讓我們定在九點半吧!
句型28：have nothing to do
They have nothing to do every day.
他們每天無所事事。
句型29：be sure/be sure of/ about sth. /be sure to do sth.
I was not sure of/about the way, so I asked someone.
我對于怎么走沒有把握，所以我問別人了。
句型30：between…and…
There is a shop between the hospital and the school.
在那家醫(yī)院和那所學(xué)校之間有一家商店。
句型31：keep sb. /sth. +adj. /V-ing /介詞補語/adv.
You must keep your classroom clean.
你們必須保持教室干凈。
Sorry to have kept you waiting.
對不起，讓你久等。
句型32：find+賓語+賓補
He finds it very hard to travel around the big city.他發(fā)現(xiàn)要環(huán)游這個大城市是很難的。
句型33：…not…any more / longer
The old man doesn't travel any more.
這位老人不再了。
句型34：What's the weather like…?
What's the weather like in spring in your hometown?
在你們家鄉(xiāng)，春天天氣怎么樣?
句型35：There is no time to do/have no time to do
There was no time to think.
沒有時間思考。
I have no time to go home for lunch.
我沒有時間回家吃午飯。
句型36：Help oneself to…
Help yourself to some fish.
吃魚吧!
句型37：used to do
I used to read this kind of story books.
我過去常讀這種書。
句型38：borrow…from
I borrowed a book from him.
我從他那借了一本書。
句型39：lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.
He lent me a story book/He lent a story book to me.
他借了本故事書給我。
句型40：have been to
Have you ever been to Hawaii?
你曾去過夏威夷嗎?
句型41：have gone to
Where's he? He's gone to Washington.
他在哪兒?他去華盛頓了。
句型42：be famous for
Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.夏威夷以它美麗的海灘而出名。
句型43：No matter+疑問句+主句
No matter when you come,you are welcomed.
無論你們什么時候來，都受歡迎。
句型44：be afraid (of/to do/that..)
Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.
當說英語時不要害怕犯錯誤。
句型45：…as…as possible/…as…as sb. can
I hope to see him as soon as possible.
我希望能盡快見到他。
He ran here as fast as he could.
他盡最大努力跑到這兒。
句型46：practise /enjoy/finish doing
Tom enjoys playing football very much.
湯姆很喜歡踢。
He finished reading the story book.
他看完了那本故事書。
句型47：ask sb. (not) to do sth.
Her mother ask her to clean the room.
她媽媽叫她打掃房間。
句型48：be worth (doing) …
This book is worth reading.
這本書值得讀。
句型49：seem to do / seem +adj. / (介詞)
He seems to be angry.
他似乎生氣了。
The house seems too noisy.
這房子似乎太吵了。
句型50：It's said that…
It's said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.
據(jù)說大白鯊是最危險的鯊魚之一。
八大時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時
1、概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;事實真理。
2.時間狀語: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
4.否定形式：主語+am / is / are+not+其他;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首;用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
eg：
①It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。
②He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。
③Action speaks louder than words.事實勝雄辯。
二、一般過去時
1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞
4.否定形式：主語+was / were+not+其他;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞。
eg：
①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。
�、贗 didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你這么忙。
三、一般將來時
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
2.時間狀語：Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主語+will / shall+do+其它
4.否定形式：主語+am /is/ are not going to+do;主語+will / shall not do+其它
5.一般疑問句：be放于句首;will / shall提到句首。(首字母大寫)
eg：
①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將在學(xué)習(xí)中與我們競爭。
②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、一般過去將來時
1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was / were+going to+do+其它;主語+would / should+do+其它
4.否定形式：主語+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主語+would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首;would / should提到句首
eg：
①He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。
②I asked who was going there.我問，誰要去那里。
五、現(xiàn)在進行時
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+doing+其它
4.否定形式：主語+be+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。
eg：
①Are you feeling good today?你今天感覺如何?
�、贖e is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
六、過去進行時
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was / were+doing+其它
4.否定形式：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫)
eg：
�、貯t that time she was working in a company.那段時間她在一家公司工作。
�、赪hen he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進來時，我正在讀報紙。
七、現(xiàn)在完成時
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時間狀語：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時間點，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have / has+過去分詞+其它
4.否定形式：主語+have / has+not+過去分詞+其它
5.一般疑問句：have或has放句首。
eg：
�、買've written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇。
�、赥he countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
八、過去完成時
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.
4.否定形式：had+not+done.
5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。
6.用法：
(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句中。
eg：
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她從來沒有去過巴黎。
(2)在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。
eg：
①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。
(3)表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"。
eg：
�、賅e had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。
②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.我剛打開門，他就打了我。
(注意：had hardly… when...剛......就......)
�、跦e had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。
(注意：had no sooner…than剛……就……)
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