高一英語必修一語法知識(shí)總結(jié)
對(duì)于高一的英語學(xué)習(xí),我們學(xué)生通常要通過大量的、多形式的訓(xùn)練來夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)、完善語感、提高語言運(yùn)用能力。下面是小編為大家整理的高一英語必修一知識(shí),希望對(duì)大家有用!
高一英語必修一語法知識(shí)總結(jié)1
(一)陳述句的變化規(guī)則
直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞that(可省略)引導(dǎo),從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。
人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思
例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in yourroom.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
時(shí)態(tài)的變化
直接引語 | 間接引語 |
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) | 一般過去時(shí) |
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) | 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) |
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) | 過去完成時(shí) |
一般過去時(shí) | 過去完成時(shí) |
一般將來時(shí) | 過去將來時(shí) |
過去完成時(shí) | 過去完成時(shí) |
例:
“I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
注意:如果直接引語是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變,如:
He said, “Light travels much faster thansound.”
He said that light travels much faster thansound.
指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化
直接引語 | 間接引語 |
this | that |
these | those |
now | then |
ago | before/earlier |
today | that day |
yesterday | the day before |
tomorrow | the next/following day |
the day after tomorrow | In two day’s time |
come | go |
here | there |
the day before yesterday | two days before/earlier |
(二)祈使句的變化規(guī)則
如果直接引語是祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面還要加上not。例:
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
高一英語必修一語法知識(shí)總結(jié)2
1. fond of “喜愛,愛好” 接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。例如:
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?
He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for尋找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書。
hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to, so as to 這兩個(gè)詞組都可引導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀語, in order to可放于句首, so as to則不能, 其否定形式為in order not to / so as not to. 如:
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他, 他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。
4. care about
1) 喜歡,對(duì)……有興趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜歡錢。
2)關(guān)心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.
她只考慮自己。她不關(guān)心別人。
3)在乎,在意(接從句或不接任何成分)
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說的話。
5. such as 意為“諸如……”,“像……”,是用來列舉人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門科目,像物理、化學(xué)。
6. drop * a line 留下便條, 寫封短信
7、make yourself at home 別客氣;隨便;無拘束
(1) If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.
如果你在我之前到我家,自己喝點(diǎn)飲料,隨便一點(diǎn)。
8、stay up 不睡;熬夜
(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
我將回家很晚,不要等我了。
(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
他熬夜看書直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)。
9、come about 引起;發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生
(1)How did the accident come about?
這場(chǎng)事故是怎么發(fā)生的?
(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.
他們不知道這個(gè)變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。
高一英語必修一語法知識(shí)總結(jié)3
1. leave out
1) 漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出錯(cuò)了—你漏掉了一個(gè)字母t.
2) 刪掉, 沒用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我沒有作出變動(dòng)也沒有刪掉任何東西。
2. stare at (由于好奇、激動(dòng)等張著嘴巴,睜大眼睛地)凝視,盯著看
Don’t stare at foreigners. It’s impolite.不要盯著外國(guó)人看,這樣不禮貌。
比較:glare at (to stare angrily at)怒視著
這兩個(gè)小男孩互相怒視著,隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備開戰(zhàn)。
3. make jokes about 就……說笑
They make jokes about my old hat.他們就我的舊帽子說笑我。
have a joke with … about…跟某人開關(guān)于某事的玩笑。
He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下來跟我開玩笑。
play a joke on…開某人的玩笑
We played jokes on each other. 我們互相開玩笑。
v. joke about 取笑 They joked about my broken English.他們?nèi)⌒ξ阴磕_的英。
4. take over 接管;接替;繼承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng)繼承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我們的主席走了,因此杰克將接管(他的工作)。
5. break down
1) 破壞;拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說和談破裂了。
2)(機(jī)器)損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。
3) 失敗;破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見打消了。
4) 精神崩潰;失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。
5) 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。
6. get on one’s feet
1)站起來;站起來發(fā)言
2)(=stand on one's feet)自立, 經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立
3)(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢復(fù), 復(fù)蘇(指企業(yè))
7. go through
1) 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受;遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.這些國(guó)家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火。
2) 完成;做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大學(xué)。
3)通過;批準(zhǔn) The law has gone through Parliament. 議會(huì)已經(jīng)通過了這項(xiàng)法案。
Their plans went through. 他們的計(jì)劃得到了批準(zhǔn)。
4)全面檢查;搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行李。
高一英語必修一語法知識(shí)總結(jié)4
1. 定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2. 構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
3. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類:
(1) 從屬連詞that。
例如:The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。
例如:He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句,
例如:All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. 這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。
能跟表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be, seem, look等。
例如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。
(3)連接代詞:
Who whom whose what
Which whoever whatever whichever
連接副詞:
Where when how why
例如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。
The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。
注:
1. 連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。
例如: I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?/p>
2. 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示,should可省略。
例如: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。
高一英語必修一語法知識(shí)總結(jié)5
語法:名詞性從句(賓語從句、表語從句)
1、賓語從句:注意事項(xiàng)
用陳述句的語序。
注意從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)(主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用各種時(shí)態(tài);主句是過去時(shí),從句用過去的時(shí)態(tài),包括過去、過去進(jìn)行、過去完成、過去將來),表示客觀真理或普遍事實(shí)時(shí)除外。
主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是advise,demand,request,order,suggest,insist時(shí),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用should+v.
主句的主語是第一人稱,謂語是think,suppose,believe,expect,imagine時(shí),否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),一般省略。不省略的情況為:a.從句位于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí);b.及物動(dòng)詞后的第二個(gè)及以后的賓語從句;c.謂語動(dòng)詞和that從句間有短語隔開時(shí);d.在復(fù)合賓語中;e.賓語從句由“從句+主句”構(gòu)成,從句的引導(dǎo)詞緊跟在主句謂語動(dòng)詞后,that不省。
詞組:right away at once immediately
burst into laughter/tears
burst out doing sth
as if/though
in ruins
injure wound hurt
destroy damage
be trapped in
dig out
bury oneself in doing sth
rise raise arise
too… to
be away
it seems as if+陳述語氣/虛擬語氣
act out
be pleased/willing/glad to do sth
honor in honor of
be proud of
express my thanks to
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
1、地點(diǎn)狀語從句由where,wherever引導(dǎo)。
注意:where與where的區(qū)別:Where表特定的地點(diǎn),而wherever表示非特定的地點(diǎn)。
Wherever=to/atanyplacewhere
2、地點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
Where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞;而狀語從句前則無先行詞。
什么是時(shí)態(tài)
英語語法中的時(shí)態(tài)(tense)是一種動(dòng)詞形式,不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。它是表示行為、動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式,在英語中有16種時(shí)態(tài)。
下面就英語中常見的十種基本時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行闡述,其它的時(shí)態(tài)都是在這十種時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合而成的。
在語法里,時(shí)或時(shí)態(tài)表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間和說話時(shí)的.關(guān)系。一般分為過去式、現(xiàn)在式、將來式,通常也有與表示動(dòng)作進(jìn)行或終止的進(jìn)行式和完成式等體貌一起相連用的情況。
時(shí)態(tài)連同語氣、語態(tài)、體貌和人稱為動(dòng)詞形式至少可能能夠表現(xiàn)出的5種語法特性。
有些語言,沒有時(shí)態(tài)的使用,如分析語的中文,但必要時(shí),仍有時(shí)間副詞的輔助。也有些語言,如日文,形容詞的詞形變化能表達(dá)出時(shí)間上的資訊,有著類似動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)性質(zhì)。還有些語言,如俄文,一個(gè)單詞就能表現(xiàn)出時(shí)態(tài)和體貌。
語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.as...as...引導(dǎo)的比較級(jí):
(1)“as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+ as+被比較對(duì)象”結(jié)構(gòu)。例句:He studies as hard as you.他像你一樣學(xué)習(xí)努力。
(2)在否定句或疑問句中可用not so…as….例句:He can not run so/as fast as you.他沒你跑得快。
2.only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型:only +狀語(或狀語從句)位于句首時(shí),句子部分倒裝。
例句:Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed in life.只有勤奮、正直,一個(gè)人在生活中才能成功。
注意:但only修飾主語時(shí),不倒裝。例句:Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎樣解那道題。
3.wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣:wish后面的從句,當(dāng)表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),其賓語從句的動(dòng)詞形式為:
(1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式表示,be的過去式用were.
I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道這個(gè)問題的答案。(可惜不知道。)
(2)表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用had +過去分詞。
I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(實(shí)際上已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)掉了。)
(3)表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望:謂語動(dòng)詞形式為“would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形”。在這種情況下,主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn),取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動(dòng)作名詞除外) 。
I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
注意:若wish后的賓語從句中用would,可以表示請(qǐng)求,通常意味著說話人的不快或不滿。
例句:I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安靜一些。
4.it形式賓語:和it作形式主語一樣,我們常用it來作形式賓語,把真正的賓語從句放在句末,這種情況尤其出現(xiàn)在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。
例句:He has made it clear that he will not give in.他表明他不會(huì)屈服。
5.The+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示“越.....越......"
例句:The more scared we are, the stronger the difficulty will become。我們?cè)胶ε吕щy,困難就會(huì)變得越強(qiáng)大。
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